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	*Instructions for Authors* 	
	 

Contact: Editorial Office <mailto:infoji@aai.org>
Phone: 301-634-7197 Fax: 301-634-7829

	
Table of Contents
# Abbreviations <#standard>
# Cutting Edge Format <#cutting>
# Copyright <#copyright>
# Depositing Data <#deposit>
# Embargo Policy <#embargo>
# Figures <#figures>
# Financial Disclosure <#financial>
# Human and Animal Use <#human>
# Journal Content <ifora.shtml#content>
# Keywords <#keyword>
# Legends <#legends>
# Mailing Address <#address>
# Manuscript Format <#manuscript>
# Microarray Data <#microarray>
# Online Submission <#online>
# Page Length <#length>
# Prior Publication <#prior>
# Publication Fees <#fees>
# Rebuttals <#rebuttal>
# References <#references>
# Reprints <#reprints>
# Review Process <#process>
# Reviewers <#reviewers>
# Revised Manuscripts <#revised>
# RGB Workflow <#RGBWorkflow>
# Style <#style>
# Submission Forms <subforms.shtml>
# Supplemental Data <#supplemental>
# Tables <#tables>
# Title Page <#title>
# Unique Materials <#unique>
# Web Links in Manuscripts <#weblink>

	 

EDITORIAL POLICIES REGARDING MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

	 
*/Prior Publication:/* Submission of a manuscript to /The Journal of
Immunology (The JI) / implies that the content has not been published
previously and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere while the
manuscript is under review. /The JI/ considers research results
(excluding abstracts and student dissertations) to have already been
published if they are publicly available with a fixed content, i.e.,
content is in an unalterable form, and are citable in any language.
	 
Previous publication of a particular figure may not prevent subsequent
publication in /The JI/ if that figure is essential to the submitted
paper and does not constitute the major contribution. Previously
published portions of a paper must be accompanied by a permission
release from the copyright holder and must be cited.
Preprints, whether paper copies or noncitable postings on a publicly
accessible Website, are not considered publications, nor are poster
presentations of work at a conference.
An invited paper published in a non-peer-reviewed journal, however,
would be considered a prior publication.

Submissions of previously published research, as defined by the
criteria, must contain a disclosure statement; it is at the
Editor-in-Chief's discretion whether to allow peer review of the work in
these instances.
  	*/ Copyright:/* All manuscripts are considered to be the property of
AAI from the time of submission. Should AAI not publish the paper, AAI
releases its rights therein at the time the manuscript is returned to
the corresponding author.

Manuscripts published in /The JI/ become the sole property of, with all
rights in copyright reserved to, The American Association of
Immunologists, Inc. (AAI).

The corresponding author, on behalf of all authors, signs a copyright
transfer form. Authors of articles written as part of their official
duties as employees of the U.S. government are exempt from this
requirement for transfer of copyright. 	 

    * Request permission to use material from /The JI/
      <http://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.html>

 

    * Back to Table of Contents <#toc>

	

*NIH Manuscript Submission Request: * For more information, go to:

	 
  	

    * About the NIH Public Access Policy
      <http://www.jimmunol.org/misc/nihpolicyi4a.shtml>

If the research described in the submitted manuscript has been funded in
whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the
following applies:

   1. The NIH has adopted a voluntary policy that requests authors of
      NIH-funded research to submit their accepted manuscripts to the
      NIH PubMed Central repository.
   2. *The NIH program is voluntary and authors do not have to
      participate*. NIH officials have given public assurances that
      there will be no repercussions if authors choose not to participate.
   3. The AAI does not support this policy, which it views as a costly,
      duplicative effort by NIH that diverts federal dollars from
      biomedical research and threatens the integrity of the scientific
      record by creating multiple versions of the same article and
      allowing public dissemination of an unfinalized manuscript. The
      policy also puts authors at risk of inadvertently violating
      copyright agreements with the journals that publish their works.
      For more information on the AAI?s concerns about the NIH policy,
      go to About the NIH Public Access Policy
      <http://www.jimmunol.org/misc/nihpolicyi4a.shtml>.
   4. Despite The AAI?s serious concerns about this policy, The AAI will
      accommodate authors who wish to submit their manuscripts to NIH,
      as described below. The AAI grants the undersigned corresponding
      author a onetime waiver permitting him or her to submit to NIH
      PubMed Central this manuscript, if accepted for publication by
      /The JI/, provided:

    a) that the corresponding author agrees to instruct NIH to release
    the manuscript to the public no earlier than 12 months after final
    publication in /The JI/;

    b) that the corresponding author agrees that no changes or
    modifications will be made to the version of the manuscript that has
    been accepted by /The JI; /

    c) that this onetime waiver granted by The AAI applies solely to
    deposition into NIH PubMed Central and does not extend to any other
    repository, agency, or entity; and

    d) that the corresponding author agrees to, *and will include in the
    text of the abstract submitted to PMC, *the following disclaimer:

    This is an author-produced version of a manuscript accepted for
    publication in /The Journal of Immunology /(/The JI/). The American
    Association of Immunologists, Inc. (The AAI), publisher of /The JI/,
    holds the copyright to this manuscript. This manuscript has not yet
    been copyedited or subjected to editorial proofreading by /The JI/;
    hence, it may differ from the final version published in /The JI
    /(online and in print). The AAI (/The JI/) is not liable for errors
    or omissions in this author-produced version of the manuscript or in
    any version derived from it by the National Institutes of Health or
    any other third party. The final, citable version of record can be
    found at www.jimmunol.org <http://www.jimmunol.org/>.

Back to Table of Contents <#toc> 	 
  	*/Duplicate Publication and Scientific Fraud:/* In case of possible
scientific misconduct, i.e., suspected fabrication or falsification of
data, double publication, or plagiarism, the Editor-in-Chief will
attempt to clarify the matter with each of the authors. Should that fail
to resolve the situation satisfactorily, the Editor-in-Chief will
contact the institution of the corresponding author. The institution
should then make an inquiry and report to the Editor-in-Chief. Until the
matter is clarified, no papers by any authors on the disputed manuscript
will be considered for publication. If scientific misconduct is
confirmed by institutional review, the Editor-in-Chief will report it to
the Publications Committee. The Publications Committee, in consultation
with the Council of AAI, will decide appropriate action. 	 
*/Embargo Policy:/* For manuscripts considered to be in press or
approved for publication, /the public release of information should not
precede the actual publication of the work./ 	 
The publication date is defined as the date the first copy is mailed
from the printer or the first day the issue is posted full-text online.
Please note that the issue date and mail dates do not necessarily
coincide. This embargo policy protects the peer-review process and the
newsworthiness of the scientific content of published articles, and
minimizes the chance for the appearance of misinformation in the lay
press. The policy also ensures that scientists have access to all
relevant information at the same time as the public. These restrictions
do not apply to the presentation of the work at scientific conferences
or symposia that precede the actual publication date. Although news
reporters may be present at such meetings or symposia, information,
tables, or illustrations that in any way duplicate the content of a
manuscript submitted for publication or in press should not be provided
to reporters by the authors. In particular, press conferences should not
be held before the embargo date. The official release of videotape
presentations and electronic prepublication of articles on the Internet
should adhere to the embargo policy. Violations of these policies are
legitimate grounds for withdrawal of the manuscript from publication or
other measures that /The JI/ may choose to take. 	 
*/Conflict of Interest Disclosures:/* Authors of submitted papers that
contain information affecting actual or potential commercial products
must declare any conflict of interest or financial interest in the
product or in potentially competing products held by them, their
spouses, or their minor children. Financial interests include
consultancies, employment, service on Board of Directors, honoraria,
royalties, research support, grants, or contracts, if any exceed $5,000
per year in any of the preceding five years. They also include expert
testimony, or patents received or pending, stock, and equity interests
(diversified mutual funds or investment trusts do not constitute
competing financial interests). The conflict should be stated briefly on
the online manuscript submission screen, e.g., "J. B. Doe has received
royalty payments from PQR Incorporated." It is the responsibility of the
corresponding author to review this policy with all authors and to list
collectively the relevant relationships. All disclosures will remain
confidential during the review process, but papers accepted for
publication will acknowledge conflict of interest and financial
interests in a published disclaimer describing the nature of the
interests. If authors declare no conflict of interest or financial
interests, this also will be noted in a published disclaimer. 	 
*/Web Links in Submitted Manuscripts:/* Links to Websites are permitted
only if the information contained on the Website is not essential to the
understanding and assessment of the manuscript or to the ability to
repeat the experiments described in the paper. 	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
	 
Back to Table of Contents <#toc> 	

PEER REVIEW INFORMATION

	 
  	

*/The Process:/* By submitting a manuscript to /The JI/, the authors
agree to subject it to the confidential peer-review process. Editors and
reviewers are informed that the manuscript must be considered
confidential. After a manuscript is received, it is assigned by the
Science Coordinator to a specific Deputy Editor and a Section Editor,
whose expertise is considered to be appropriate. The Section Editor
prepares a list of expert reviewers, which may include some suggested by
the Science Coordinator. Authors can indicate specific individuals whom
they would like to have excluded as reviewers as well as individuals
thought to be particularly appropriate, although these suggestions may
not always be accepted. Generally, requests to exclude certain potential
reviewers will be honored except in fields with a limited number of
experts.

All potential reviewers are contacted individually to determine
availability. Manuscript files are sent to at least two expert
reviewers. Reviewers are asked to complete the review of the manuscript
within two weeks and to return a short review form. Based on the
reviewers' comments, the Section Editor recommends a course of action
and communicates the reviews and recommendations to the Deputy Editor
for a final decision.

The Deputy Editor considers the comments made by the reviewers and the
recommendation of the Section Editor, selects those comments to be
shared with the authors, makes a final decision concerning the
manuscript, and prepares the decision letter for signature by the
Editor-in-Chief. If revisions of the manuscript are suggested, the
Deputy Editor also recommends who should review the revised paper when
resubmitted. Authors are informed of the decision by e-mail; appropriate
comments from reviewers and editors are appended.

	 

*/Decisions:/* There are four categories for initial decisions: accept,
accept with minor revision, return for revision, and reject. Some
manuscripts are accepted provisionally, pending relatively minor
revisions. In this case, the Deputy Editor may conduct the rereview. For
many manuscripts, authors are invited to resubmit if revision or
additional experimentation can address major criticisms. Typically, one
or more reviewers will then be asked to consider the adequacy of the
revisions. Cutting Edge papers are allowed only minor revisions because
of time constraints. All revised manuscripts are carefully reexamined,
and ultimate acceptability is not guaranteed. /The JI/ does not provide
for an advance determination of the acceptability of a particular
manuscript for publication, nor does it promise expedited review of
selected manuscripts.

	 

*/Communication with Authors:/* To minimize the possibility of
misinterpretation or errors in verbal communication, the Editorial
Office will provide information, in writing, only to the corresponding
author and will not provide extensive details (e.g., exact status of a
review or a predicted time to final decision). Deputy Editors do not
take calls from authors concerning decisions or other related matters.
All such inquiries should be addressed in writing to the
Editor-in-Chief, who will discuss concerns with the Deputy Editor. This
policy has been established to provide for uniformity and fairness in
addressing concerns about the review process.

	 

*/Rebuttals:/* If the authors believe that a serious scientific error
occurred during the review, a letter of rebuttal may be sent to the
Editor-in-Chief, explaining the reasons why the decision should be
reconsidered. When appropriate, the matter will be taken up with the
initial Deputy Editor, Section Editor, or additional reviewers.
Rebuttals that challenge rejections that were based on priority alone
are rarely successful, since the assignment of priority is necessarily a
matter of opinion. If the authors of a rejected manuscript are able to
make new advances that go far beyond the original submission, they will
often expedite consideration of their paper through the submission of a
completely new manuscript.

	 

*/The JI Reviewers/*

	  	 

*/Selection:/* Selection of reviewers is the responsibility of the
Section Editor, although the Science Coordinator makes recommendations
to the Section Editor from a list of individuals who have reviewed
manuscripts previously. This database includes self-identified areas of
expertise as well as information about the perceived usefulness and
timeliness of past reviews. Individuals who consistently have provided
tardy or unhelpful reviews are removed from the database. Every effort
is made to avoid both real and apparent conflicts of interest with
respect to research activities or collaborative or personal
interactions. Reviewers are asked to withdraw from considering any
manuscript in which they identify a conflict that has escaped the
attention of the Section Editor.

Scientific Integrity: Information contained in manuscripts is considered
confidential and should not be shared or distributed. If necessary, a
reviewer can consult with others for an adequate evaluation of the
research findings if all individuals involved maintain confidentiality,
objectivity, and avoid conflict of interest. AAI is not responsible for
acts and conduct by reviewers that are not in accordance with accepted
professional standards. Reviewers are asked to be objective in their
evaluations and to judge primarily the novelty and soundness of the
information presented.

Anonymity: Although reviews are anonymous, all comments should be
capable of withstanding public scrutiny. Except in very unusual
circumstances, the identity of the reviewers and Section and Deputy
Editors involved in the review of any given manuscript is kept confidential.

	  	 

*/The JI Editorial Board:/* The AAI Council, upon recommendation of the
Publications Committee, appoints the Editor-in-Chief for a term of five
years. Deputy Editors, Section Editors, and Associate Editors are
nominated by the Editor-in-Chief and appointed by the Publications
Committee. Deputy Editors are appointed for variable terms. Section
Editors and Associate Editors are appointed for one renewable term of
two years in most circumstances. The Editor-in-Chief, the Deputy
Editors, and the Section Editors constitute the Editorial Board and as
such are required to be members of AAI. The Editor-in-Chief is
responsible for the specific editorial conduct of /The JI/. The AAI
Publications Committee is responsible for the management and evaluation
of /The JI/ and any other official publications of AAI, subject to the
general supervision of the AAI Council.

	  	 

*/Manuscripts Submitted from the Institution of an Editor:/* Manuscripts
submitted from the institution of any Section or Deputy Editor or the
Editor-in-Chief are reviewed by other editors from outside that
institution. The Editorial Office ensures confidentiality and equity in
reviewing all manuscripts.

	  	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
	  	 
Back to Table of Contents <#toc> 	

ONLINE SUBMISSION

	  	 

 

	

/*Submit online at ji.msubmit.net <http://ji.msubmit.net>*/ Individual
manuscript, figure, and table files must be uploaded to the system. The
system then creates a single PDF for review purposes. Authors should
save copies for themselves of all the files in their original formats.
See Author Instructions
<http://ji.msubmit.net/cgi-bin/main.plex?form_type=display_auth_instructions>
for online submission requirements. See the Figures <#figures> section
for help with preparing digital art. /The JI's/ online submission system
requires browsers where cookies and Javascript are enabled.

After the manuscript has been checked by journal staff, the
Corresponding Author will receive an email acknowledging receipt of the
manuscript. The email contains links to the Submission Form and Color
Charges Form (if applicable). The Corresponding Author must download,
sign and fax these forms to 301-634-7831 to complete the submission. The
manuscript *will not be sent for review* until /The JI/ Editorial Office
receives these forms signed by the Corresponding Author. Please contact
infoji@aai.org <mailto:infoji@aai.org> if you do not receive the
acknowledgment e-mail. Please do NOT use the old hard copy forms found
in old copies of the printed journal.

	  	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
	  	 
Back to Table of Contents <#toc> 	PUBLICATION FEES 	  	 
  	

*All publication fees are payable in U.S. dollars. Accepted manuscripts
are published only upon commitment by the author(s) or institutional
financial officer to pay these charges.*

*/Submission Fee:/* If the corresponding author is not an *AAI* member*,
a fee of $50 per manuscript must be paid by credit card (American
Express, MasterCard, or Visa) during the submission process. If payment
by credit card is impossible, please contact infoji@aai.org
<mailto:infoji@aai.org> to arrange payment by check (drawn on a U.S.
bank). We do not accept cash or purchase orders. *There is no processing
fee for regular, emeritus or honorary AAI members in good standing.

	  	 

*/Page Charges:/*

    *

      $60 per page for up to 8 printed pages in the article

    *

      $150 for each additional page from 9 to 12 pages

    *

      $210 for each additional page over 12 pages

	  	 

*/Color Charges: /*Color figures may include multiple color panels.
Authors will be notified of the cost of color reproduction on the
Reprint Form received with their electronic page proofs and must confirm
acceptance of the charges in writing. Authors should expect that color
figures in the accepted paper will be reproduced in color and will incur
color charges.

Note that AAI members receive a significant discount on color charges.

    *

      Non-AAI Members: $850 for each color page, and $300 for each
      additional color figure on the same color page for corresponding
      authors who are not AAI members (i.e., first figure on first page:
      $850; second figure on the first page: $300; first figure on
      second page: $850, etc.).

    *

      AAI Members: $650 for each color page and $300 for each additional
      color figure on the same page for corresponding authors who are
      regular, emeritus, or honorary AAI members in good standing on the
      date of manuscript acceptance (i.e., first figure on first page:
      $650; second figure on the first page: $300; first figure on the
      second page: $650, etc.).

	  	 

 

*/Online Posting Fee:/* $150 per published article.

*/ *//*Reprints:/* Reprints must be ordered in advance of publication. A
Reprint Form showing the cost of reprints, together with an order slip,
is sent with the electronic page proofs. The invoice for reprints will
also include page charges and color figure charges. Reprint orders from
noncontributors must be directed to the Editorial Office (Reprint Order
Form </pdf/reprintsform08.pdf>).

	  	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
	  	 

Back to Table of Contents <#toc>

	

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

	  	 
  	

*General Guidelines:* A 12-point serif font, preferably Times New Roman,
is required. Do not use compressed type format. Double-space entire
manuscript. The average length of full-length articles is eight printed
pages. Instructions for estimating the printed length <#length> of a
manuscript are included below.

Each of the following components should begin on a separate page:

   1.

      The */Title Page/* must include the full title; a running title
      (not to exceed 60 characters); each author's full name (first
      name, middle initial, last name); the affiliations of all authors
      and their institutions, departments, or organizations (use the
      following symbols in this order: *, ?, ?, §, ¶, ||, #, **, ??, ??,
      §§, ¶¶, || ||, ##); and three to five keywords, selected from the
      Keywords List <#keyword>, that describe the topic of the
      manuscript. (Keywords are used in editor and reviewer assignments
      and are not published with the manuscript. Please note that the
      list of keywords does not represent an exhaustive view of what
      /The JI/ considers important topics, but it has been found useful
      for reviewer assignment purposes.)

   2.

      The */Abstract/* must be 250 words or less for full-length
      manuscripts; 150 words or less for Cutting Edge. Reference
      citations should not be included in the /Abstract/. The species of
      animals or species of origin of cells used in the manuscript must
      be clearly stated in the /Abstract/.

   3.

      The /*Introduction, Materials and Methods*, *Results*,/ and*
      /Discussion/ *sections should begin on separate pages. Do not
      combine the /Results/ and /Discussion/ sections for full-length
      papers.

   4.

      If the manuscript contains human or animal studies, the
      */Materials and Methods/* section must state that the studies have
      been reviewed and approved by an appropriate institutional review
      committee.

   5.

      */Acknowledgments/* appear immediately after the /Discussion/ and
      before /References/.

   6.

      */Grant support/* must not be included in the /Acknowledgments/
      but should be cited as a footnote to the title.

   7.

      /*Disclosures* /contain conflict of interest disclaimers (details
      <#financial>).

   8.

      /*References*/ must be numbered as they appear in the text. All
      authors must be listed for each reference. If citations are
      included in tables or in figure legends, they must be numbered
      according to the position of citation of the table or figure in
      the text. Only published papers and papers in press may be
      included in the /References/. In press articles, i.e., papers not
      yet published, must be submitted as online attachments in PDF
      format at the time of article submission. NOTE: Do NOT submit as
      attachment papers that are already published, e.g., manuscripts
      published ahead of print. Such papers must be incorporated into
      the /References/ and cited with their DOI numbers and the
      publication dates. Citations of "manuscripts in preparation,"
      "unpublished observations," and "personal communications" must
      appear parenthetically in the text. Manuscripts "submitted for
      publication" (i.e., not yet accepted) also are mentioned
      parenthetically in the text. Written approval by the persons cited
      in personal communications must accompany the manuscript unless
      they are also authors of the manuscript submitted to /The JI/.

	  	 

*Format for references:*

      *Periodicals:* Wells, A. D., M. C. Walsh, D. Sankaran, and L. A.
      Turka. 2000. T cell effector function and anergy avoidance are
      quantitatively linked to cell division. /J. Immunol./ 165: 2432?2443.

      *Books*: McIntyre, T. M., and W. Strober. 1999. Gut-associated
      lymphoid tissue: regulation of IgA B-cell development. In /Mucosal
      Immunology/, 2nd ed. P. L. Ogra, J. Mestecky, E. Lamm, W. Strober,
      J. Bienenstock, and J. R. McGhee, eds. Academic Press, San Diego,
      CA. 319?356.

   9.

      /*Footnotes*/ should be used to designate the source of support,
      new or special abbreviations used, correspondence address, current
      address, manuscripts submitted for publication, etc. Footnotes
      should be numbered consecutively and will appear on the title
      page, but for submission are grouped together and placed on a
      separate page between the /References/ and the /Figure Legends/.

  10.

      /*Abbreviations*/ that may be used without definition are provided
      in the Standard Abbreviations <#standard> list. Spell out
      nonstandard abbreviations used less than three times. Nonstandard
      abbreviations used three or more times must be defined in a
      footnote. Abbreviations and their definitions must be consistent
      throughout the text.

  11.

      /*Figure legends*/ must be numbered with Arabic numerals in order
      of appearance in the text and should include a short title after
      the figure number. Where possible, symbols and patterns used to
      distinguish data should be defined in a key placed within the
      graphic rather than in the figure legend.

  12.

      /*Tables* / must be numbered with Roman numerals in order of
      appearance in the text. Table legends are prepared as footnotes to
      the table and are included with the table. Tables must be in DOC
      file format. Each table should be submitted as a separate file.

  13.

      /*Figures*/

      As of October 1, 2007, /The Journal of Immunology/ requires that
      color figures be submitted in the RGB color space. For more
      information see RGB Workflow
      <http://www.jimmunol.org/pdf/RGBWorkflow.pdf>.

      At initial submission, please submit low resolution files of the
      smallest possible size that will convey the needed information.
      Smaller files can be downloaded more quickly by reviewers and will
      hasten the review process.

      At submission of a revised manuscript, high-resolution figures
      that meet the following specifications must be submitted. For more
      information, see TIPS
      <http://ji.msubmit.net/cgi-bin/main.plex?form_type=display_ejp_tips>.

          *

            *File Sizes:* Figure files should not exceed 10 MB (average
            size is about 2 MB).

          *

            *Image Sizes:* Figures should be submitted in final size
            (printed 1:1). Figures may be printed in one of two formats:
            single-column (width from 3.37 to 8.23 cm or 20 picas) or
            double-column (width from 12.65 to 17.1 cm or 42 picas). The
            single-column format is preferred. Unless the file is too
            large, multi-piece figures should be submitted as a single file.

          *

            *Text and Lines:* Text in figures must be 6-8 points in
            size, except for single letter markers, which may be 12
            points. Helvetica should be used for all figure text (except
            for the use of symbols). If Helvetica is not available to
            authors, Times Roman may be used. Line widths must be
            greater than one point thick or they will not appear on the
            PDF version of the article.

          *

            *Numbering:* Figures must be numbered as they appear in the
            text.

          *

            *File Format:* Figures should be in *TIFF* (better for
            halftone art e.g., blots, photographs) /or/ *EPS* (better
            for line art or monochrome art, i.e., anything that involves
            sharply delineated lines) /format/. PowerPoint files are not
            suitable quality, as their resolution is too low for print.

          *

            *Guidelines:* For general guidelines for creating digital
            art go to Cadmus Digital Art
            <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp> or the Cadmus FAQ
            page <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/faq.asp>. Topics included are:

                Resolution <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp#rez>
                (dots per inch) | Color requirements
                <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines_rgb.jsp> | Cropping
                and sizing
                <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp#crop> | Font
                usage <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp#fonts> |
                Scanned Images
                <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp#import> |
                Supported Applications
                <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.asp#apps> (/The JI/
                does not support PowerPoint.)

          *

            *Graphic Art Preflight:* To avoid production delays due to
            unacceptable digital art formats, authors of revised papers
            must check in advance whether figures meet the standards
            required for final print and online production. It is
            mandatory to use Rapid Inspector
            <http://rapidinspector.cadmus.com/RapidInspector/zim>, a
            tool that walks authors through the process to make needed
            corrections.

  14.

      */Cover art/* changes with each issue of /The JI/. Authors are
      encouraged to submit color figures with their manuscripts for
      possible use as cover illustrations.

  15. /*Estimation of Printed Pages:*/ One printed page in /The JI/
      contains approximately 8,000 characters, including spaces. Thus,
      an 8 page, full-length article would contain approximately 64,000
      characters. Each line in a table occupies about 60 characters for
      a single-column table (120 characters for a double-column table).
      Figures occupy about 180 characters per centimeter height for
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      Determine the total character count for the text of your
      manuscript and add the character-equivalents for the tables and
      figures. This will provide a reasonable estimate for the printed
      length of a manuscript.

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CUTTING EDGE MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

	  	 
  	

/*Submit online at ji.msubmit.net <http://ji.msubmit.net>.*/

Individual manuscript, figure, and table must be uploaded to the system.
The system then creates a single PDF for review purposes. Authors should
save copies for themselves of all the files in their original formats.
If a paper is accepted, authors will be asked to submit the
high-resolution figure files separately. See the Figures <#figures>
section for help with preparing digital art. Manuscripts submitted to
the Cutting Edge section should conform to the Information for Authors
for full-length manuscripts presented above as well as the additional
guidelines below:

   1.

      *Cutting Edge articles, including figures and references, /must
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      estimating the number of pages <#length> is provided in Manuscript
      Preparation <#manuscript>.*

   2.

      List the phone number, fax number, and e-mail address of the
      corresponding author on the title page.

   3.

      The /Abstract/ is limited to 150 words.

   4.

      The /Materials and Methods/ section may be sharply limited but
      should be sufficient to allow the evaluation of results and
      conclusions.

   5.

      Authors may combine the /Results/ and /Discussion/ sections.

	  	 
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PREPARATION OF THE REVISED MANUSCRIPT

	  	 

	

Submit the revised manuscript online at ji.msubmit.net
<http://ji.msubmit.net>

Follow /The JI/ Editorial Office instructions contained in the previous
decision letter carefully and thoroughly. A revised manuscript not
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Individual manuscript files, files for each figure and table (even if
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High-resolution figure files should be submitted. Figures must be in
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Cadmus Digital Art <http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/index.asp> Website. Authors
should retain for themselves copies of all the files in their original
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After the manuscript has been checked by journal staff, the
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<mailto:infoji@aai.org> if you do not receive the acknowledgment e-mail.
Please do NOT use the old hard copy forms found in old copies of the
printed journal.

	  	 
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SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND DEPOSITION OF MATERIALS

	  	 

	

/*Supplemental Data: */ All supplemental material accompanying an
article must be submitted with the original paper for peer review. When
submitting online, upload the file when requested. Supplemental material
should be limited to short videos (must be no longer than 30 seconds and
under 10 MB, with no sound or voice-over) or large tables, large
sequence alignments, or large data sets such as those obtained with
microarray hybridization experiments. Such supplemental data must be
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incorporated into the manuscript as regular figures/tables.

Videos must be 320 x 480 pixels or smaller for best viewing within a
browser. Submit videos in MPG or QuickTime. Change QuickTime file
extensions to ".mov" so that Web browsers will recognize the file type
and play the movie. Compress videos as much as possible to help control
file size. Name videos by order of citation appearance (e.g.,
video1.mov). Authors will be notified if problems exist with videos as
submitted and will be asked to take responsibility for modifications. No
editing will be done to videos at the Editorial Office. Legends or short
explanations of the material must accompany all supplemental material.
Links to the material will appear in two places in the online journal,
in the Table of Contents and in the information box associated with the
first page of the full-text article. There will not be any links in the
body of the article. In the printed paper, supplemental material will be
footnoted the first time mentioned: "The online version of this article
contains supplemental material."

	  	 

*/Distribution and Depositing of Materials:/*

	  	 

Unique materials: It is required that unique materials described in
manuscripts published in /The JI/ will be made available, within reason,
to qualified investigators for their own noncommercial use. A reasonable
amount may be charged by authors to cover preparation and shipping of
the requested material. An agreement to this effect is included in the
Manuscript Submission Form.

	  	 
High-resolution structural data: Any paper submitted to /The JI/ that
contains new high-resolution structural data requires an accession
number from the Protein Data Bank <http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/> and
assurance that unrestricted release will occur at or before the time of
publication. The accession number should be accompanied by the Website
address of the databank. 	  	 
*Nucleotide sequences:* Sequences of nucleotides or amino acids longer
than 50 bases/residues should not be presented in the text or in table
form, but rather should be submitted as a publication-quality figure.
Original nucleotide sequences, and determined nucleotide sequences
encoding reported amino acid sequences, described in the manuscript must
be submitted to GenBank or EMBL DataLibrary at the time of manuscript
submission. An accession number and sequence availability are required
at the time of publication. The accession number should be accompanied
by the Website address of the databank. Instructions on submission of
data may be obtained directly from GenBank (Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545) or from the European
Molecular Biology Library, Nucleotide Sequence Library (Postfach
10.2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg, Germany) or see NCBI's
GenBank <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/>. 	  	 
*Microarray data:* /The JI/ will not publish descriptive manuscripts
that report microarray data, unless such information can be considered
of unusual immunological significance and/or include functional
experiments that provide novel insight into mechanism. As with other
scientific approaches, current experimental, quantitation, verification,
and statistical analyses are expected. Microarray experiments should be
Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment compliant (MIAME
<http://www.mged.org/Workgroups/MIAME/miame.html>). Whereas limited
online space may be available for supplemental tables associated with
the manuscript, complete microarray data must be deposited in the
appropriate public database (e.g., GEO
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/>, ArrayExpress
<http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray-as/aer/>, or CIBEX
<http://cibex.nig.ac.jp>), and must be accessible without restriction
from the date of publication. An entry name or accession number must be
included in the paper before publication. The accession number should be
accompanied by the Website address of the databank. 	  	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
	  	 

Back to Table of Contents <#toc>

	

STYLE GUIDE

	  	 
  	

*/General style conventions:/* In general, /The JI/ follows /Scientific
Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers,/
seventh edition, published by the Council of Science Editors, Inc., in
instances where style issues are not directly addressed.

	  	 

/*Abbreviations for references:* BIOSIS/ is the primary source for
journal name abbreviations;/ Index Medicus/ is the secondary source.

	  	 

 

/Nomenclature: /

/Allergen nomenclature:/ Nomenclature for allergens should be assigned
in cooperation with the IUIS Allergen Sub-Committee. Authors of accepted
manuscripts that describe novel allergens will be requested to complete
a brief standard form available at IUIS Allergen Nomenclature
<http://www.allergen.org>.

/CD nomenclature:/ For the purpose of consistency, /The JI/ will follow
CD nomenclature. For murine molecules, /The JI/ will follow the
nomenclature previously published (/J. Immunol./ 160: 3861-3868, 1998)
<http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/160/8/3861>. For human
molecules, standard CD nomenclature will be followed as updated (/J.
Immunol./ 168: 2083-2086, 2002)
<http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/168/5/2083>.

/Chemical names: The JI /uses/ The Merck Index/
<http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0304.html> and the
/IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature-Chemical Abstracts/
<http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bibliog/white.html> as the primary
references for proper spelling and style of chemical names.

/Chemokine/chemokine receptor nomenclature:/ The systematic name for
chemokines and chemokine receptors should be used. The original name may
be given in parenthesis if desired. See /Cytokine 21:48-9, 2003./

/Enzyme Nomenclature/ <http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/> is/ The
JI/ source for style and spelling of enzyme names.

/Gene nomenclature:/ The HUGO guidelines <http://www.genenames.org> for
gene nomenclature may be used for naming human genes. _Mouse Genome
Informatics <http://www.informatics.jax.org/>_ is a reference source for
naming mouse genes.

/Genetic nomenclature for mice: The JI/ uses the revisions for
standardized genetic nomenclature for mice published periodically in
/Mouse Genome./ A current listing of inbred strains of mice and rats is
available at Mouse Genome Informatics <http://www.informatics.jax.org/>.
Authors are encouraged to deposit their mapping data with the Mouse
Genome Database (MGD) before publication and to include the assigned MGD
accession numbers in their manuscripts. Data may be submitted
electronically by e-mail. Information about electronic submission of
datasets can be obtained at the Data and Nomenclature Submissions
<http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/submissions/submissions_menu.shtml>
page. Gene symbols should be reserved with MGD in advance of
publication. An electronic nomenclature submission form
<http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/submissions/submit.shtml> is
available from the MGD Website.

/HLA nomenclature:/ HLA nomenclature is updated periodically by the WHO
Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. A recent reference
is /Hum. Immunol. 64: 919-20, 2003/. Annual comprehensive revisions are
published in /Human Immunology/, usually in the spring.

	  	 
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Back to Table of Contents <#toc>

	

STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

	  	 
  	

The abbreviations listed here are used without definition in articles
published in /The JI/. The form may be used for both singular and
plural, or made plural with "s" at the author's option. The list of
standard abbreviations is published in the first issue of each volume.

	  	 
Å, angstrom
aa, amino acid (only with numbers)
Ab, antibody
ABTS, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
Ag, antigen
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ANOVA, analysis of variance
AP-1, activator protein 1
APC, Ag-presenting cell
ATP, adenosine triphosphate (also ADP, AMP,
   CMP, CTP, GDP, GMP, GTP, ITP, NTP,
   TMP, UDP and UTP)
AZT, 3'-azido-3-deoxythymidine
BALT, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
BAPTA-AM, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-/N,N,N',N'/-
   tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
BCR, B cell receptor
bp, base pair (only with numbers)
BrdU, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
BSA, bovine serum albumin
C, complement
C region, constant region of Ig
cAMP, cyclic AMP
CCL, CC chemokine ligand
CCR, CC chemokine receptor
CD40L, CD40 ligand
cDNA, complementary DNA
CDR, complementarity determining region
C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
CFSE, 5- (and 6-)carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester
CFU, colony-forming unit
cGMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
Ci, curie
CIITA, class II transactivator
CLIP, class II-associated invariant-chain peptide
CMV, cytomegalovirus
CNS, central nervous system
CoA, coenzyme A
Con A, concanavalin A
CpG, cytosine guanine dinucleotide
cpm, counts per minute
CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
cRNA, complementary RNA
CSF, colony-stimulating factor
CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CTLA, cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated Ag
CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand
CXCR, CXC chemokine receptor
d, deoxy; distilled (as in dH_2 O)
D region, diversity region of Ig or T cell receptor for Ag
Da, dalton (only with numbers)
dATP, 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
DEAE, diethylaminoethyl
df, degrees of freedom
DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase, deoxyribonuclease
DNP, dinitrophenyl
dNTP, 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate
dpm, disintegrations per minute
ds, double-stranded (as dsDNA)
DTT, dithiothreitol
E, erythrocyte
EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
EC_50 , 50% effective concentration
ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
ED_50 , 50% effective dose
EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethyl ester)-/N/,/N/,/N/',/N/'-
   tetraacetic acid
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot
EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
E:T ratio, effector to target ratio
Fab, Ag-binding fragment
F-actin, filamentous actin
FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorter
FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein
FBS, fetal bovine serum
FcR, Fc receptors (e.g., FcgRI)
FCS, fetal calf serum
FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
FLICE, Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1b-
   converting enzyme
FLIP, FLICE inhibitory protein
fMLP or FMLP, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
Fura 2-AM, fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester
g, gram (only with numbers)
GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
GAPDH or G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
G-CSF, granulocyte CSF
GFP, green fluorescent protein
GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSF
gp, glycoprotein (e.g., gp100)
GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
GST, glutathione /S/-transferase
h, hour (only with numbers)
H chain, heavy chain
H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution
HEPES, /N/-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-/N/'-2-ethanesulfonic acid
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
HLA, human histocompatibility leukocyte Ag
HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
HRP, horseradish peroxidase
HSV, herpes simplex virus
HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IC_50 , 50% inhibition/inhibitory concentration
ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
ICOS, inducible costimulator
Id, idiotype; idiotypic determinant
ID_50 , 50% infective dose or 50% inhibiting dose
IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IFA, incomplete Freund's adjuvant
IFN, interferon (e.g., IFN-g)
Ig, immunoglobulin
IgH, Ig heavy chain
IkB, inhibitory NF-kB
IL, interleukin (e.g., IL-2)
i.m., intramuscular
IMDM, Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium
IMEM, Iscove's minimal essential medium
i.p., intraperitoneal
ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
	IU, international unit
i.v., intravenous
J region, joining region of Ig or T cell receptor for Ag
JAK or Jak, Janus kinase
JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
kb, kilobase (only with numbers)
kbp, kilobase pair (only with numbers)
/K/_a , association constant
/K/_d , distribution coefficient; dissociation constant
/K/_D , affinity constant
kDa, kilodalton (only with numbers)
L chain, light chain; light
LD_50 , 50% lethal dose
LFA, leukocyte (lymphocyte) function-associated Ag
LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
LPS, lipopolysaccharide
LU, lytic unit
mAb, monoclonal Ab
2-ME, 2-mercaptoethanol
MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting
MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight
MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
M-CSF, macrophage CSF
MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
MEM, minimum essential medium
MES, 2-(/N/-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
mg, milligram (only with numbers)
MHC, major histocompatibility complex
min, minute (only with numbers)
MIP, macrophage-inflammatory protein
ml, milliliter (only with numbers)
MLC, mixed lymphocyte culture
MLR, mixed leukocyte reaction
mo, month(s) (only with numbers)
MOPS, 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid
/M/_r , relative molecular mass
mRNA, messenger RNA
MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide
?g, microgram (only with numbers)
?l, microliter (only with numbers)
m.w., molecular weight
MyD88, myeloid differentiating factor 88
/n/, number in study or group
NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH, reduced NAD
NaDodSO_4 , sodium dodecyl sulfate
NADP, NAD phosphate
NADPH, NAD phosphate (reduced)
NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium
ND, not determined
NDP, nucleoside 5'-diphosphate
NF, nuclear factor
NFAT or NF-AT, nuclear factor of activated T cells
NF-kB, nuclear factor kB
Ni-NTA, nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid
NK cell, natural killer cell
NMP, nucleoside 5'-monophosphate
NO, nitric oxide
NOD, nonobese diabetic
NS, not significant
nt, nucleotide (only with numbers)
OCT, octamer-binding factor
OD, optical density
OVA, ovalbumin
/p/, probability
PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
PCR, polymerase chain reaction
PE, phycoerythrin
PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1
PerCP, peridinin chlorophyll protein
PFU, plaque-forming unit
PG, prostaglandin
PHA, phytohemagglutinin
PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PIPES, piperazine-/N/,/N/'-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid)
PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
PWM, pokeweed mitogen
r, recombinant, (e.g., rIFN-g)
R, receptor (e.g., IL-2R)
RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA end
RAG, recombination-activating gene
RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted
RBC, red blood cell
RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism
RIA, radioimmunoassay
RNA, ribonucleic acid
RNase, ribonuclease
rpm, revolutions per minute
rRNA, ribosomal RNA
RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
s, second (use only with numbers)
s.c., subcutaneous
SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency
SD, standard deviation
SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
SE, standard error
SEM, standard error of the mean
SHIP, src homology 2-containing inositol 5' phosphatase
SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus
sp. act., specific activity
SRBC, sheep red blood cells
ss, single-stranded (e.g., ssDNA)
SSC, standard saline citrate
STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
SV40, simian virus 40
/t/_1/2 , half-life, half-time
TAMRA, 5-(and 6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine
TAP, transporter associated with Ag processing
Tat, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase
TBS, Tris-buffered saline
TBST, TBS with Tween 20
TCA, trichloroacetic acid
TCR, T cell receptor for Ag
TdR, thymidine deoxyribose (also UdR, AdR)
TdT, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase
TGF, transforming growth factor
Th cell, T helper cell
TLC, thin layer chromatography
TLR, Toll-like receptor
TNF, tumor necrosis factor
TNP, trinitrophenyl
TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
Tris, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
tRNA, transfer RNA
TUNEL, Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
U, unit (only with numbers)
UV, ultraviolet
v/v, volume to volume ratio (%)
V region, variable region of Ig
VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
V(D)J, variable diversity joining
VLA, very late activation Ag
W, watt (only with numbers)
wk, week (only with numbers)
xid, X-linked immunodeficiency
Zap70, ?-associated protein 70 (or ?-chain-associated protein 70)

	  	 

Back to Table of Contents <#toc>

	

KEYWORDS

	 
  	

*Animals*
-Human
-Rodent
-Other Animals

*Cells*
-B Cells
-Dendritic Cells
-Endothelial Cells
-Eosinophils
-Mast Cells/Basophils
-Monocytes/Macrophages
-Natural Killer Cells
-Neutrophils
-Stem Cells
-Stromal Cells
-T Cells
-T Cells, Cytotoxic
-Th1/Th2 Cells

*Diseases*
-Autoimmunity
-Diabetes
-EAE/MS
-Endotoxin Shock
-Graft Versus Host Disease
-Immunodeficiency Diseases
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

**Infections*
*-AIDS
-Bacterial
-Fungal

	

* * -Parasitic-Helminth
-Parasitic-Protozoan
-Viral *

Molecules*
-Acute Phase Reactants
-Adhesion Molecules
-Antibodies
-Antigens/Peptides/
Epitopes
-Autoantibodies
-Cell Surface Molecules
-Chemokines
-Complement
-Cytokine Receptors
-Cytokines
-Fc Receptors
-Lipid Mediators
-Lipopolysaccharide
-MHC
-Nitric Oxide
-Protein Kinases/Phosphatases
-Superantigens
-T Cell Receptors
-Transcription Factors

*Processes*
-Allergy
-Antigen Presentation/
Processing
-Apoptosis
-Cell Activation
-Cell Differentiation
-Cell Proliferation
-Cell Trafficking
-Chemotaxis

	

-Comparative Immunology/
Evolution
-Costimulation
-Cytotoxicity
-Gene Rearrangement
-Gene Regulation
-Hematopoiesis
-Inflammation
-Memory
-Neuroimmunology
-Phagocytosis
-Repertoire Development
-Reproductive Immunology
-Signal Transduction
-Tolerance/Suppression/
Anergy
-Transplantation
-Tumor Immunity
-Vaccination

*Techniques/Approaches*
-Gene Therapy
-Molecular Biology
-Transgenic/Knockout Mice

*Tissues*
-Lung
-Mucosa
-Skin
-Spleen and Lymph Nodes
-Thymus

	

	 
*/The Journal of Immunology/ | 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD
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