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Cancer Research 	Clinical Cancer Research
<http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org>
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
<http://cebp.aacrjournals.org> 	Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
<http://mct.aacrjournals.org>
Molecular Cancer Research <http://mcr.aacrjournals.org> 	Cell Growth &
Differentiation <http://cgd.aacrjournals.org>

*Institution: University of Pittsburgh HSLS* | Sign In via User
Name/Password </cgi/login?uri=%2Fmisc%2Fifora.shtml>
------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

*/Cancer Research/ Information for Authors*

 

    Important Notice Regarding New Electronic Manuscript Submission
    System. /Cancer Research/ has changed to a new manuscript submission
    and peer review system.

        *

          Effective August 22, 2007, authors submitting new manuscripts
          to /Cancer Research/ are required to submit manuscripts online
          via *AACR SmartSubmit* (http://can.msubmit.net). New
          submissions will be given a manuscript number higher than
          CAN-07-5000.

        *

          If you are submitting a REVISED version of a manuscript
          originally submitted via /Cancer Research?s/ previous system,
          Rapid Review, you must submit your revision via Rapid Review
          (http://www.rapidreview.com/AACR2/CALogon.jsp). Revised
          manuscripts will have a manuscript number lower than CAN-07-5000.

*Submit a Manuscript to /Cancer Research/: * 	
<http://can.msubmit.net>

 

1. Categories of Publication <#a> 	  6. Format and Style <#f> 	11.
Publication Fees and Reprints <#k>
2. Publication Policies <#b> 	  7. Abbreviations <#g> 	12. Copyright and
Permissions <#l>
3. Submission Fee and Page Charges <#c> 	  8. Terminology <#h> 	13.
Advertisements <#m>
4. Submission Procedures <#d> 	  9. Submission of Manuscript Files
<#i> 	14. Subscriptions and Business Inquiries <#n>
5. Cover Features <#e> 	10. Correcting Proofs <#j> 	 

 

/Cancer Research/, a journal of the American Association for Cancer
Research, is the most frequently cited cancer journal in the world. The
journal publishes significant, original studies, reviews, and
perspectives on all areas of basic, clinical, translational,
epidemiological, and prevention research in cancer and the
cancer-related biomedical sciences. Topics include biochemistry;
chemical, physical, and viral carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; clinical
research including clinical trials; endocrinology; epidemiology and
prevention; experimental therapeutics, molecular targets, and chemical
biology; immunology and immunotherapy including biological therapy;
molecular biology, pathobiology, and genetics; radiobiology and
radiation oncology; cell and tumor biology; tumor microenvironment;
systems biology and emerging technologies; and virology.

Papers are stringently reviewed, and only those that report results of
novel, timely, and significant research and meet high standards of
scientific merit are accepted for publication.

 

*1. CATEGORIES OF PUBLICATION*

The following types of articles will be considered for publication. *
Authors are advised that submissions exceeding the length guidelines
provided below will be returned unreviewed:*

 

    * (1) Research Articles:* Reports of original, basic, clinical,
    translational, epidemiological, or prevention studies relating to
    cancer. The reports should be well documented, novel, and
    significant. Research articles are published an average of 60 days
    after their final acceptance. The length restrictions for this
    category of publication are as follows:

       1.

          Text limit of 5000 words (excluding references and figure
          legends).

       2.

          Abstract limit of 250 words.

       3.

          Reference limit of 50.

       4.

          Limit of 6 figures and/or tables. Please note that each figure
          or table is limited to a maximum of 4 panels.

     

    *(2) Priority Reports (Formerly Advances in Brief):* Short,
    definitive reports of highly significant and timely findings.
    Priority Reports receive an accelerated review and are published
    within 3 months of their receipt. Papers submitted as Priority
    Reports should contain Materials and Methods and Results and
    Discussions sections (note that the Results and Discussion sections
    may be combined). The length restrictions for this category of
    publication are as follows:

       1.

          Text limit of 2500 words (excluding references and figure
          legends).

       2.

          Abstract limit of 250 words.

       3.

          Reference limit of 20.

       4.

          Limit of 4 figures and/or tables. Please note that each figure
          or table is limited to a maximum of 4 panels.

     

    *(3) Reviews:* Articles that review a timely subject important to
    cancer researchers. Reviews must be written as concisely as
    possible. Authors of unsolicited Reviews must first submit an
    outline of the proposed Review Article for consideration. The
    outline should be sent to the attention of Dr. George C.
    Prendergast, Deputy Editor for Reviews, either to the e-mail address
    cancerres@aacr.org <mailto:cancerres@aacr.org>, or to the fax number
    (215) 440-9354. All Review Articles, whether or invited or not, will
    be subject to peer review. The length restrictions for this category
    of publication are as follows:

       1.

          Text limit of 2000 words (excluding references and figure
          legends).

       2.

          Abstract limit of 3?5 sentences.

       3.

          Reference limit of 20.

       4.

          Limit of 1 original figure containing a maximum of 4 panels.

    Top <#top>

    *(4) Perspectives in Cancer Research:* Invited articles presenting
    fresh insights on a very active or underdeveloped area of research
    and viewpoints on where research in that area may be heading. The
    length restrictions for this category of publication are as follows:

       1.

          Text limit of 3000 words. (Excluding references and figure
          legends).

       2.

          Abstract limit of 200 words.

       3.

          Reference limit of 30.

       4.

          Limit of 3 tables and/or figures. Please note that each figure
          or table is limited to a maximum of 4 panels.

     

    *(5) Public Issues:* Brief articles (2000 words or less) on topics
    of interest to cancer researchers and the general public. These
    topics might include articles on advocacy for funding cancer
    research, government relations, training in the field, public or
    science education.

     

    *(6) Letters to the Editor:* In the spirit of open scientific
    dialogue, the Editors invite the submission of correspondence that
    presents considered opinions in response to articles published in
    the journal. Letters to the Editor will be peer reviewed and, if
    found to meet the requisite publication criteria (scholarly
    commentary on a subject of importance and interest to the broad
    readership), the Letter may be sent to the author(s) of the
    originally published article and possibly to other interested
    parties for a response to be published in the same issue of the
    journal as the Letter. Please note that the journal will not
    consider Letters to the Editor regarding Cancer Research articles
    that were published more than three months prior. Correspondence
    concerning articles that have not been published in Cancer Research
    will not be considered. The length restrictions for this category of
    publication are as follows:

       1.

          The title should read as Comment re: the running title of the
          originating article. Please note that the Editor-in-Chief
          reserves the right to modify the title.

       2.

          Text limit of 400 words (not including references).

       3.

          Reference limit of 5. The first reference must be the citation
          for the originating article under discussion.

       4.

          Letters may contain figures or tables only if they show data
          which refutes the conclusions of the originating article.
          Figures or tables showing unpublished data in support of the
          conclusions of the originating article will not be considered.

     

    *(7) Meeting Reports:* Brief reports of symposia and conferences in
    cancer research. Reports must be submitted within 2 months of the
    meeting date in order to maintain their timeliness. Only those
    Meeting Reports dealing with topics of interest to the readership
    and that contain novel information and insights from the meeting are
    accepted for publication. A Meeting Report should be a thoughtful,
    critical commentary which shows an appreciation of the connections
    among the various presentations and reveals the consensus, if any,
    which emerged at the meeting. Before submitting a Meeting Report for
    consideration, potential authors, must send a letter to the
    Editor-in-Chief inquiring whether the topic meets the criteria for
    consideration. Letters of inquiry should be sent to the Publications
    Office (fax: (215) 440-9354; e-mail: cancerres@aacr.org
    <mailto:cancerres@aacr.org>). Length restrictions for this category
    of publication are as follows:

       1.

          Text limit of 2500 words.

       2.

          Meeting Reports must contain a statement of the purpose of the
          meeting, an integrated summary of the findings presented, and
          recommendations for future research.

       3.

          The names and affiliations of key speakers should be given in
          an Appendix, which should be submitted as supplemental
          information, not as part of the manuscript text.

     

    *(8) Proceedings of Symposia:* Papers and Proceedings from meetings
    can be published as external supplements to the journal providing
    the full expenses of such supplements are assumed by the sponsoring
    agency. Supplements are accepted for publication at the discretion
    of the Editor-in-Chief if they are found to adhere to editorial
    policy and acceptance standards and are subject to peer review.
    Further information concerning publication of supplements may be
    obtained by contacting the journal office at cancerres@aacr.org
    <mailto:cancerres@aacr.org>.

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*2. PUBLICATION POLICIES*

Submission of a manuscript to /Cancer Research/ implies that the
author(s) of the paper understand and fully accept the policies of the
Journal as detailed in these "Information for Authors."

* No Prior or Subsequent Publication.* When a manuscript is submitted
for consideration, the authors should confirm in writing that neither
the submitted paper nor any similar paper, in whole or in part, other
than an abstract or preliminary communication, has been or will be
submitted to or published in any other scientific journal. Permission to
reproduce all or parts of articles published in AACR journals must be
sought from the AACR Publications Office [phone: (215) 440-9300; fax:
(215) 440-9354; e-mail: permissions@aacr.org <mailto:permissions@aacr.org>

*Embargo Policy.* Once submitted, contributions cannot be discussed with
the media (including other scientific journals) until one week before
the publication date. The information in accepted articles is embargoed
from reporting by all media until 12:01 A.M. (EST) the date of issue.
Authors who discuss their work with the media during the week before
publication must ensure that the media representatives know the embargo
policy and the embargo date. Authors arranging their own publicity on
their articles are advised to notify the AACR Communications Department
in advance [phone: (215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9410; e-mail:
communications@aacr.org <mailto:communications@aacr.org>.

* Authorship.* Who should be listed as an author is determined by the
authors or by policies at their institutions, or both. As a general
guideline, persons listed as authors should have contributed
substantially to:  1) the conception and design of the study,
acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
 2) drafting the article or revising it for important content; and
 3) final approval of the version to be published. The corresponding
author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have agreed to be
authors and have agreed to the manuscript's content and its submission
to the journal. If any changes are proposed to authorship after the
manuscript is submitted, including the order of author listing, the
corresponding author must provide the AACR Publications Department with
signed documentation that the authors involved agree to the changes.
/Cancer Research/ accepts no responsibility for deciding matters of
authorship.

 

*Image Acquisition and Analysis*

It is the authors? responsibility to exercise discretion during data
acquisition, where misrepresentation must be avoided. Acquisition of
images for comparative purposes must be standardized. Specimen areas
should be selected which objectively represent the critical features
being presented. Images should be captured in a non-compressing format
such as .tif, or .bmp. Authors should retain their unprocessed images
and metadata files, as editors may request them to aid in manuscript
evaluation. If unprocessed data is unavailable, manuscript evaluation
may be delayed until the issue is resolved. Files which have been
adjusted in any way should be saved separately from the originals, also
in a non-compressed format. Compressing formats, such as .jpg, should
only be used for presentation of final figures, where requested, to keep
files sizes small for electronic transmission.

8 bit monochrome, or 24 bit RGB acquisition is acceptable for visual
documentation, but capture at higher bit depths is generally required
for fine analysis of intensity data. Only non-adjusted original files
should be used for analysis. If data is presented which includes
mathematical representations of pixel intensities and locations, the
original unprocessed files must be provided for review. A description of
the analysis preparation and techniques should be included in the
supplementary data.

 

*Image Manipulation*

The /American Association for Cancer Research/ allows that minimal image
adjustment is acceptable for publication in its journals; however, the
final image must remain representative of the original data. Adjustments
of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable only if they
are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure or
eliminate any information present in the original, including
backgrounds. Non-linear manipulation, such as ?gamma? should only be
used to adjust the overall presentation of the image, to make sure
details are visible in the printed form. Alteration to specific features
within the image is generally not acceptable. Sub-forms of an image may
not be enhanced, obscured, moved or removed in relation to the larger
image.

Non-linear algorithms to enhance overall presentation such as background
subtraction, shading correction, sharpening, despeckling and flattening
may be acceptable, but disclosure of adjustment must be included in the
legend and the specific techniques must be described in the supplemental
data. Descriptions must include the original, unprocessed files for
comparison.

 

*Image Composites*

The grouping of images from different originals must be made explicit,
both by the arrangement of the figure (i.e., adding dividing lines) and
in the text of the figure legend. This also applies to multiple fields
taken from the same image (such as individual lanes combined from a
single electrophoresis gel), and separate images acquired with different
conditions. If dividing lines are not included, they will be added by
our production department, and may result in publication delays.

Figures presenting merged color images from fluorescence originals must
include the original single channel images used to make the merged file.
Original images captured as color files are acceptable, but grayscale
images are preferred, laid out in sequence as part of the figure.

Multiple images may be combined into a single photomontage when the area
of interest cannot be captured in a single image. In such a case, all
images which make up the montage must be captured using a standardized
method. Each smaller image must overlap its neighboring image by ¼ of
the shared field in each direction. The outer boundary of the combined
image must be clearly delineated with a line. Any post-processing must
be done to the total, combined montage. All original images must also be
submitted as supplementary data.

 

*Electrophoretic gels and blots*

Include positive and negative controls, as well as molecular size
markers, on each gel and blot. Provide a citation for previously
characterized antibodies. For antibodies less well characterized in the
system under study, we require a detailed characterization that
demonstrates not only the specificity of the antibody, but also the
range of reactivity of the reagent in the assay, which will be published
as supplementary data. Clearly separate vertically sliced gels that
juxtapose lanes that were not contiguous in the experiment or include a
line delineating the boundary between the gels.

The display of cropped gels and blots in the main paper is encouraged if
it improves the clarity and conciseness of the presentation. In such
cases, the cropping must be mentioned in the figure legend and the
supplementary information should include full-length gels and blots
wherever possible. These uncropped images should be labeled as in the
main text and placed in a single supplementary figure. The manuscript?s
figure legends should state that ?full-length blots/gels are presented
in Supplemental Figure X.?

    *

      Cropped gels in the paper must retain important bands.

    *

      Cropped blots in the body of the paper should retain at least six
      band widths above and below the band.

    *

      High-contrast gels and blots are discouraged, as overexposure may
      mask additional bands. Authors should strive for exposures with
      gray backgrounds. Multiple exposures should be presented in
      supplementary information if high contrast is unavoidable.
      High-contrast immunoblots should be surrounded by a black line to
      indicate the borders of the blot.

    *

      Describe all image acquisition tools and image processing software.

    *

      Document key image-gathering settings and processing manipulations
      in the Supplementary Data.

Top <#top>

*Microscopy*

The most important images should be made available to referees in images
that are at least 300 dpi at the size which they will be published.
Adjustments should be applied to the entire image. Threshold
manipulation, expansion or contraction of signal ranges and the altering
of high signals should be avoided. ?Pseudo-coloring? and nonlinear
adjustment (for example ?gamma changes?) are only allowed if unavoidable
and must be disclosed. Include the following with the final revised
version of the manuscript for publication:

    *

      Include a magnification scale bar for each image.

    *

      In the Methods section, specify the type of equipment
      (microscopes/objective lenses, cameras, detectors) used.
      Acquisition software should also be specified, as well as a
      description of specialized techniques requiring large amounts of
      processing, such as confocal, deconvolution, 3D reconstructions,
      or surface and volume rendering.

    *

      In Supplementary Data, provide additional acquisition information
      for each image, including time and space resolution data (xyzt and
      pixel dimensions), image bit depth, experimental conditions such
      as temperature and imaging medium, and fluorochromes.

 

* Review Process.* All submitted manuscripts are assessed by a Senior
Editor, who makes the final recommendation on acceptance or rejection.
The Senior Editor will take one of the following steps:  1) send the
manuscript to an Associate Editor, who selects peer reviewers and makes
a recommendation based on their comments;  2) directly select peer
reviewers for the manuscript; or  3) determine that the manuscript is
not suitable for the journal and return it, without peer review. All
reviewers and editors are required to adhere to ethical guidelines that
mandate strict confidentiality concerning all aspects of the manuscript
and its content. Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication
are privileged communications, and the status of the manuscript and
details regarding it are available only to AACR editorial staff,
authors, and the editors and peer reviewers involved.

Submission of a manuscript implies acceptance by all authors of the
strict policy of the AACR that under no circumstances will the
identities, or information leading to the identities, of the Associate
Editors and reviewers be revealed.

Every effort is made to render editorial decisions promptly. Authors may
track their manuscript?s status online at http://can.msubmit.net. Other
inquiries may be made to the AACR Publications Department via phone:
(215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9354; or email: cancerres@aacr.org
<mailto:cancerres@aacr.org>. /Collect telephone calls from authors
cannot be accepted./

* Conflict of Interest.* Journal policy requires that authors,
reviewers, and Associate Editors reveal to the Editor-in-Chief or Senior
Editors any relationships that they believe could be construed as
resulting in an actual, potential, or apparent conflict of interest with
regard to the manuscript submitted for review. As a result, all authors
on submitted manuscripts will be required to complete a Conflict of
Interest Disclosure Form as part of the online submission process. The
existence of financial interests or other relationships of a commercial
nature is not necessarily regarded as creating a conflict of interest.
Rather, journal policy represents a recognition of the many factors that
can influence judgments about research data and a desire to make as much
information as possible available to those reviewing the data. If in the
judgment of the Editor-in-Chief the information revealed does represent
a potential conflict of interest, notification concerning the
relationship may be published. If such action is deemed necessary, the
authors will be informed before publication.

* Availability of Materials.* It is understood that by publishing any
work in /Cancer Research/ the authors agree to make freely available to
other academic researchers any of the cells, clones of cells, DNA,
antibodies, or other material used in the research reported and not
available from commercial suppliers. The publication of articles
including new genes, proteins, or crystallographic structures is
contingent on deposition of the accession number and/or structural
coordinates in a publicly accessible database. The reporting
requirements extend to the chemical structures of drugs, as well as
sequences of oligonucleotides used in antisense strategies and RNA. In
addition, AACR journals require the disclosure of chemical structures of
any unpublished synthetic, low molecular weight (<1,000 g/mol) chemical
compounds used as part of the described research (including clinical
studies in humans). These requirements are subject to amendment as the
need for disclosure changes with evolving technologies. Also, authors
may be required to make primary data available to the Editor-in-Chief if
the data needs to be examined to ensure validity.

* Depositing Data in Public Databases.* The AACR requires that authors
submitting manuscripts describing microarray data be prepared to supply
peer reviewers with the data in a format that conforms to the Minimum
Information About a Microarray Gene Experiment (MIAME) guidelines of the
Microarray Gene Expression Data society (MGED). These guidelines include
a checklist of information to be included with each new microarray
submission; the checklist is available online (
http://www.mged.org/Workgroups/MIAME/miame_checklist.html
<http://www.mged.org/Workgroups/MIAME/miame_checklist.html>). Authors
will also be required to deposit the data with either of two public
repositories: GEO (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/>) or Array Express
(www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress <http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress>) and to
have the accession numbers available to be published in the article.

Authors of manuscripts with new nucleotide or amino acids sequences are
asked to deposit the sequence information with GenBank (National Center
for Biotechnology Information, Building 38A, Rm. 8N-803, 8600 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894; phone: (301) 496-2475; fax: (301) 480-9241;
e-mail for information: info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
<mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>; e-mail for submission:
gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov <mailto:gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>). Authors
outside of the United States may elect to deposit sequence information
in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database (e-mail:
datasubs@ebi.ac.uk <mailto:datasubs@ebi.ac.uk>) or the DNA Databank of
Japan (e-mail: datasub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp <mailto:datasub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp>).
The accession numbers for deposited sequences will be published with the
article.

 

*3. SUBMISSION FEE AND PAGE CHARGES*

* A nonrefundable submission fee of $75* for each manuscript must be
paid regardless of the decision on the paper. Payment should be made via
credit card at the time of online submission. Upon completion of the
online submission process, authors will be directed to a secure site for
remitting payment. Authors who are unable to pay by credit card at the
time of submission must contact Ms. Jeri Williams of the AACR Finance
Office at williams@aacr.org <mailto:williams@aacr.org> to make other
arrangements. Please note that manuscripts will not enter the review
process until the submission fee has been paid.

AACR does not accept purchase orders for the manuscript submission fees.

A *per-page charge* for each published page ($85 per page for the first
6 published pages; $115 per page for each additional published page)
will be levied on all manuscripts accepted for publication. It is
understood at the time of submission that the author(s) agree to pay
this charge in the event of publication. Please refer to the section
titled ?Publication Fees and Reprints? for details. Under exceptional
circumstances, when no grant or other source of support exists, the
author(s) may apply to the Publisher at the time of submission for a
waiver of the page charges. All such applications must be countersigned
by an appropriate institutional official stating that no funds are
available for the payment of page charges.

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*4. SUBMISSION PROCEDURES*

*Online Submission*

/Cancer Research/ requires that submissions be made electronically
through the AACR SmartSubmit system (www.can.msubmit.net
<http://can.msubmit.net>). Complete details on how to submit a
manuscript can be found when you log on to SmartSubmit to create an
author account or on the AACR Website (
https://www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/Journals/AACRSmartSubmit/author_instr.pdf).

 

*Registration*

When you register online, you will be asked to provide or select the
following:

    *

      Title of the manuscript. The title should not exceed
      100 characters and should not contain any abbreviations.

    *

      Running title that does not exceed 60 characters in length to
      appear at the top of each printed page.

    *

      Full name and affiliations of all authors, complete with first and
      middle names or initials, and contact information for each.

    *

      A journal section that you believe to be the best match for your
      manuscript. Please note, however, that the final section
      assignments are made at the discretion of the editors.

    *

      The type of manuscript and an indication of whether or not the
      paper was invited.

    *

      At least two keywords from the pull-down list of terms to classify
      your manuscript. In addition to the keyword selection, you may
      also provide your own keywords in the text boxes provided.

    *

      Upload PDFs or other files for Supplemental Data (if necessary).

    *

      A cover letter to be uploaded along with your manuscript and
      graphics files. Include a description of the novel and salient
      findings of the work, as well as any information not covered
      elsewhere in the submission form. *Please do not include credit
      card information for payment of the $75 manuscript submission fee
      in your cover letter.*You will be prompted for credit card
      information at the completion of the online submission process
      (see Submission Fee and Page Charges section of these instructions
      for further information). If you have any questions about payment
      of the submission fee, please contact Ms. Jeri Williams of the
      AACR Finance Office (williams@aacr.org <mailto:williams@aacr.org>)
      to make payment arrangements.

    *

      Authors are required to recommend at least one Associate Editor
      (Editorial Board member) with appropriate expertise. A current
      list of Associate Editors can be found at
      cancerres.aacrjournals.org/misc/edboard.shtml
      <http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/misc/edboard.shtml>. Authors
      may also provide the names and affiliations of experts whom they
      feel are qualified to review their manuscript. Final assignment of
      the manuscript to peer-review, however, is made at the discretion
      of the Editors.

    *

      Abstract (not to exceed 250 words) for most types of articles (see
      Categories of Publication) typed into the box provided. Abstracts
      are often copied directly by the secondary services, so they
      should recapitulate in abbreviated form the purpose of the study
      and the experimental technique, results, and interpretations of
      the data. Include a synopsis of all pertinent data, but do not
      include references. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms.

    *

      Answers to questions about the manuscript, such as statement of
      authorship, notification of color reproduction costs, and
      disclosure of conflicts of interest.

 

When you have completed the submission form, you will be able to upload
your cover letter, manuscript and graphics files, and supplemental data
(if necessary). The follwing are acceptable formats for manuscript
files: PDF (for original submissions only; not for revisions), Word,
WordPerfect, EPS, text, Postscript, or RTF. The following are acceptable
formats for graphics files: TIFF, GIF, Postscript, or EPS format.
Figures/Images should NOT be embedded in the manuscript file. PDF files
for figures/images are not acceptable.

Once you have successfully submitted your manuscript online, you will
receive acknowledgement via e-mail.

 

*Revisions*

If you have been asked to revise your paper and you are ready to
resubmit it, log on to the *AACR SmartSubmit* system
http://can.msubmit.net. and, on your author homepage, click the Revised
Manuscript link of the manuscript you wish to resubmit. You will be
asked to review the information you originally submitted to confirm its
accuracy. In your cover letter, please be sure to provide a point by
point reply to the reviewers' comments as well as a listing of the
changes made and page numbers where the changes appear.

When you have successfully resubmitted your manuscript, you will receive
acknowledgment via e-mail.

Please note that all authors on a paper will be required to complete
Conflict of Interest and Copyright Transfer forms prior to acceptance of
any manuscript.

The revised version of your manuscript may undergo another review if the
original submission required extensive changes or if the authors'
responses to the criticisms entail rebuttal rather than revision. A
decision as to whether or not the paper will be sent back out for review
is made at the discretion of the Editors at the time of resubmission.
Authors of regular Research Articles are asked to submit revised
versions within 3?4 weeks from the notification of the decision on a
manuscript; authors of Priority Reports are asked to resubmit within
2 weeks. The Editors acknowledge that a longer period might be needed to
make the revisions in some cases; however, authors must request an
extension by contacting the Publications Office or the resubmission will
be considered a new manuscript and it will be subject to all of the
conditions of an original submission, including a new submission fee and
a new date of receipt. *All authors of revised manuscripts are advised
that any manuscript that has been revised once and is again judged by
the Editors to require major revision will neither be accepted for
publication or granted further consideration*

 

*Appeals for Reconsideration*

Manuscripts that have been declined for publication will be reconsidered
only at the Editor-in-Chief's or Senior Editor's discretion. Authors who
wish to request reconsideration of a previously rejected manuscript must
do so in writing by sending correspondence that includes the manuscript
ID number to the Editorial Office either via e-mail to
cancerres@aacr.org <mailto:cancerres@aacr.org> or via fax to
(215) 440-9354. Requests for reconsideration sent to a location other
than the Editorial Office will not receive a reply. (Please be advised
that due to the volume of manuscripts received by the journal, priority
must be given to those manuscripts that have not yet received a
decision. Therefore, it may take up to one month to receive a reply to a
request for reconsideration. In addition, due to keen competition for
journal space, only those manuscripts that have been judged to be of the
highest priority can be accepted for publication. As a result, fewer
than 10% of authors who request permission to resubmit a previously
rejected article are granted permission to do so.) In the
correspondence, please explain in detail the reasons why you feel the
paper should be reconsidered. If the Editor-in-Chief or Senior Editor
determines that the paper should be reconsidered, you will be asked to
submit it electronically, and it will be assigned a new manuscript
identification number and date of receipt, the author will be charged a
new manuscript submission fee, and the paper will undergo review as a
new submission. Please be advised that previously rejected manuscripts
that are resubmitted without prior approval of the Editors will be
returned to the authors unreviewed.

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*5. COVER FEATURES*

The covers of /Cancer Research/ feature illustrations the
Editor-in-Chief selects from the articles scheduled for publication in
that issue. Authors whose articles are chosen for a cover feature will
be asked to provide a high-quality version of the selected illustration
as well as a brief legend (four to five sentences) describing the
significance of the image. In light of the rapid production schedule for
journal covers, authors are expected to provide the requested material
*within 3 days*.

 

*6. FORMAT AND STYLE*

Papers are to be written in clear, grammatical English and must be typed
double-spaced. Papers that are not in /Cancer Research/ style or that
are not in good idiomatic English may be returned to the author without
review. Laboratory jargon as well as terminology and abbreviations not
consistent with internationally accepted guidelines should be avoided.

The AACR journals generally conform to usage guidelines in the following
publications: /Stedman's Medical Dictionary/ (Twenty-seventh Edition,
2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD); Council of Science
Editors. 2006. Scientific style and format: The CSE manual for authors,
editors, and publishers, 7th ed. Reston, VA: Concil of Science Editors
and Rockefeller University Press. For general guidance on manuscript
preparation, consult the documents issued by the International Committee
of Medical Journal Editors (www.icmje.org <http://www.icmje.org>).

Large data sets of peripheral significance to the main thesis of the
investigation will not be published in /Cancer Research/ but may be
published in the Data Supplements section of /Cancer Research/ online.
Contact the AACR Publications Department for more information.
Supplementary data should be submitted for review at the same time as
the manuscript.

Manuscripts should be arranged in the following order: title, author(s)
and complete name(s) and location(s) of institution(s) or
laboratory(ies), running title, key words, footnotes, text and
references, tables, legends for all illustrations, and illustrations.
Please note that all pages of the manuscript must be numbered. WHEN
SUBMITTING MANUSCRIPTS ONLINE, IF YOU ARE SUBMITTING SUPPLEMENTAL DATA,
PLEASE BE SURE TO UPLOAD IT IN THE APPROPRIATE AREA OF THE MANUSCRIPT
SUBMISSION FORM. PLEASE DO NOT APPEND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA TO YOUR
MANUSCRIPT FILES. Numbered and lettered sections in the text should be
avoided. Each table and illustration must be cited in order in the text.
Simple chemical formulas or mathematical equations should be presented
in a form that allows their reproduction in single horizontal lines of
type; more complicated mathematical formulas or chemical structures
difficult to set in type should be provided for reproduction in the form
of line drawings, glossy photographs, or digital files (see
?Illustrations? for more details).

* Title.* Write a brief, informative title limited, if possible, to
about 100 characters. It is important for literature retrieval to
include in the title the key words that identify the nature of the
subject matter, including, if applicable, the species on which the work
is done. Avoid expressions such as ?Studies on . . . ? or ?Observations
of . . . ?, and avoid chemical formulas or abbreviations. Also, do not
use Roman or Arabic numerals to designate that the paper is part of a
series (see section below on *Footnotes*).

* Authors and Affiliations.* Authors are urged to include their full
names, complete with first and middle names or initials. Academic
degrees should not be included. The names and locations of institutions
and the laboratories or names and locations of companies should be
given. If several institutions are listed on a paper, it should be
clearly indicated with which department and institution each author is
affiliated by using superscript numbers that correspond to each author?s
affiliation.

Include the following footnotes to the title page (if applicable) in
this order:

    *

      Financial support, including the source and number of grants.
      Please identify the grant support for each author.

    * Full name, mailing address, and e-mail address (optional) of the
      person to whom reprint requests should be sent.

    *

      Other notes about the paper as a whole (whether part of a series,
      conflict of interest statements, etc.).

* Running Title.* A brief running title of about 50 characters should be
provided.

* Key Words.* On the title page, provide five key words identifying the
subject of your article.

* Footnotes.* In most instances information should be presented in the
text, not in footnotes. If footnotes are necessary, use superscript
Arabic numerals consecutively throughout the text.

For footnotes to tables, see the section on *Tables*.

* Abstract.* The abstract that appears at the beginning of the paper
should be concise, yet outline the content of the paper (see the
specifications for each type of article for abstract length). Because
abstracts are often copied directly by secondary services (such as
Medline, Chemical Abstracts, etc.), they should recapitulate in
abbreviated form the purpose of the study and the experimental
technique, results, and data interpretations. Data such as the number of
test subjects and controls, strains of animals or viruses, drug dosages
and routes of administration, tumor yields and latent periods, length of
observation period, and magnitude of activity should be included. Vague,
general statements such as ?The significance of the results is
discussed,? or ?Some physical properties were studied,? are
uninformative and not acceptable. All important terms relevant to the
content of the paper should be incorporated into the abstract to assist
indexers in the derivation of key words. Abbreviations should be kept to
an absolute minimum; however, if they are needed, they must be explained
at first mention so the abstract can be understood independent of the
text. Do not cite references in the abstract.

* Introduction.* It is not necessary to cite all of the background
literature in the Introduction. Brief reference to the most pertinent
papers generally suffices to acquaint the reader with the findings of
others in the field and with the problem or question that the
investigation addresses.

* Materials and Methods.* Explanation of the experimental methods should
be brief but adequate for repetition by qualified investigators.
Procedures that have been published previously should not be described
in detail but merely cited appropriate references. Only new and
significant modifications of previously published procedures need
complete exposition. The sources of special chemicals or preparations
used should be given along with their locations (city, state, and
country, if not the United States).

This Journal endorses the principles embodied in the Declaration of
Helsinki and expects that all investigations involving humans will have
been performed in accordance with these principles. In particular,
papers reporting human experimentation must include a statement that the
human investigations were performed after approval by an institutional
review board and in accordance with an assurance filed with and approved
by the Department of Health and Human Services, where appropriate. Also,
papers reporting biomedical research involving human subjects must
include a statement that informed consent was obtained from each subject
or subject's guardian. To obtain a copy of the Helsinki Declaration,
contact the World Medical Association, Bôite Postale 63, 01210,
Ferney-Voltaire Cedex, France, or acquire a copy from the WMA Website
(www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm <http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm>).

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/Cancer Research/ is a staunch supporter of the most humane treatment of
animals in the conduct of scientific studies, and it is expected that
investigators will adhere to widely accepted national standards such as
the following:

   1.

      The U.S. Public Health Service /Policy on Humane Care and Use of
      Laboratory Animals/, available from the Office of Laboratory
      Animal Welfare, national Institutes of Health, Department of
      Health and Human Services, RKLI, Suite 360, MSC 7982,
      6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7982 or online at
      http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/olaw.htm#pol

   2.

      The United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research's
      ?Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia?
      (Second Edition, 1997) available online at
      http://www.ncrn.org.uk/csg/animal_guides_text.pdf
      <http://www.ncrn.org.uk/csg/animal_guides_txt.pdf>.This report
      encourages researchers to ?refine endpoints in experiemental
      neoplasia and to disseminate best practice by publishing such
      improvements, to incorporate welfare statements in experimental
      protocols and to report compliance with appropriate guidelines in
      publications.?

Only the results (particularly the photographic presentation of
experimental data) in which proper attention has been given to ethical
considerations toward animals will be published, and the AACR reserves
the right to reject papers that do not follow accepted studies.

* Results.* Include a concise summary of the data presented in tables
and illustrations. Excessive elaboration of data already given in tables
and illustrations should be avoided. The Results and Discussion sections
should be combined if, by so doing, space is saved or the logical
sequence of the material is improved.

* Discussion.* The data should be interpreted concisely without
repeating material already presented in the Results section. Speculation
is permissible, but it must be well founded, and discussion of the wider
implications of the findings is encouraged.

* References.* Number the references in the order of their first mention
in the text; cite only the number assigned to the reference. The
reference list should be limited to only those citations essential to
the presentation. When comprehensive review articles are available,
citation of the review article is preferred to citing many separate
references.

Before submission of the paper, authors should verify the accuracy of
all references and check that all references have been cited in the
text. /Cancer Research/ reference style follows that of the /Uniform
Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals/, which
can be found on the website of the National Library of Medicine
(www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html>).

Use the Medline journal abbreviations and follow the reference style
shown on the Website noted above, with the following exceptions:

    *

      List all authors when there are six or fewer. If there are more
      than six authors, list the first three followed by /et al./

    *

      Do not use a period (full stop) at the end of the journal title or
      abbreviation.

 

*References Examples*

    Saylors RL III, Sidransky D, Friedman HS, et al. Infrequent p53 gene
    mutations in medulloblastomas. Cancer Res 1991;51:4721-3.

    Yuspa SH, Hennings H, Roop D, Strickland J, Greenhalgh DA. Genes and
    mechanisms involved in malignant conversion. In: Harris CC, Liotta
    LA, editors. Genetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis and tumor
    progression. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1990. p.115-26.

/ Papers in press./ Papers in press may be listed among the references
provided a journal name and tentative year of publication can be verified.

/ Unpublished material./ Papers in preparation or submitted for
publication, unpublished data, and personal communications should be
cited in a footnote, /not/ in the Reference section. The names of all
authors should be given, along with the title of the paper, if possible.
Authors should secure permission from the authors of unpublished
material to cite it.

* Addenda.* Data acquired after acceptance of the paper, by the authors
themselves or by others, cannot be added to the text. Such addenda are
subject to approval by the Editor-in-Chief and could result in delay of
publication. Addenda should be kept extremely brief.

*Tables.* Tabular material should not duplicate data already presented
in detail in the text, nor should tables be only lists. A table should
compare values. If you are putting data in a table, summarize the data
in the text and reference the table. Unnecessary columns of data that
can easily be derived from other data in the table should not be
included. Large groups of individual values should be avoided; instead,
these should be averaged and an appropriate designation of the
dispersion such as standard deviation or standard error included. Tables
should not be included as part of a figure.

/ Authors are obliged to indicate the significance of their observations
by appropriate statistical analysis./

Every table /must/ have a descriptive title and enough explanatory
information so the reader can understand the data without reference to
the text. Each column must carry an appropriate heading and, if
measurements are given, the units should be given with the column
heading. Number tables using Arabic numerals; table footnotes should be
indicated with standard footnote signs: *, ?, ?, §, ||, **, ??, etc.
Include a Note after the footnotes in which all abbreviations used in
the table that have not been used in the text are explained.

Complex or large tables should be uploaded as Supplemental Data.

* Illustrations.* Line drawings (graphs) or halftone illustrations
(photographs, photomicrographs, electrophoretic patterns) are designated
as figures. Figures should be used when salient points need illustration
for better comprehension by the reader. Figures must be cited in the
order in which they appear in the text.

Figures should be labeled with the first author's name and the figure
number on the front of the figure. Multipart figures should be limited
to no more than 4 panels, and subpanels must be kept to an absolute
minimum. Tables should not be included as a panel within a figure. For
halftones, the top of the figure should also be noted.

All figures must have legends that briefly describe the data shown;
details given in the text of the paper should not be repeated. Please
note that all figure legends should be listed together in one section
(Figure Legends) directly preceding the appearance of the figures in the
manuscript. Stains and original magnifications should be listed where
applicable. Each legend should adequately identify all parts, symbols,
abbreviations, mathematical expressions, abscissas, ordinates, units,
and reference points on the figure. Abbreviations explained in the text
of the article need not be re-explained in the figure legend.

When graphs are reduced to the size of a single column (3 ¹/6"), the
text on them must be no smaller than 6-point type and no larger than
12-point type, and all symbols must be discernible. Avoid gray shading
or screening in graphs, particularly bar graphs. Avoid using very thin,
broken, or dotted lines.

Figure symbols should be defined in the legend. Only those common
symbols for which the printer has type should be used. Lines connecting
the symbols should not extend beyond the data points.

Graphs should be ruled off close to the area occupied by the curve, and
abscissas and ordinates should be clearly marked with appropriate units.
Explanations of the coordinates should not extend beyond the respective
lines. Do not box-in graphs with top and right-hand frame lines unless
these are essential for reference. Titles printed outside the confines
of the drawing waste space; all of this information should be included
in the legend. Also, to conserve space those curves that may
appropriately appear together should be included in a single graph.

Halftones that must appear together for comparison should be grouped
under one figure number with each section given sequential letters (A,
B, C) in the upper left-hand corner on the face of the illustration.
Composite figures may be mounted on a plate, with the sections butted
together and tooling (thin lines) placed between the parts of the
figure. For optimal reproduction, the contrast among photographs on a
plate should be consistent. The overall dimensions of photographs on a
plate should not exceed 18.4 x 22.4 cm (7 ¼ x 9 inches). The minimum
dimensions to which the plate can be reduced must be indicated on the back.

Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast
with the background. /Internal scale markers should be included on the
photographs themselves or the original magnification should be given in
the legend because it may be necessary to reduce the figures./

*Color Photographs.* Authors are encouraged to submit color
illustrations. The expense of reproducing color photographs must be
offset partially by the author. The cost of color reproduction charged
to authors is $750 per color figure. Figures mounted together
(multi-part figures) are considered one figure. Multi-part figures
should be limited to no more than 4 panels and subpanels must be kept to
an absolute minimum. Please note that the author is responsible for
submitting prints that are of sufficient quality to permit accurate
reproduction, and for approving the final color proof. /Cancer Research/
assumes no responsibility for the quality of the photograph as it
appears in the journal.

Color electronic images should be provided as Encapsulated PostScript
(EPS) Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) files using CMYK color format.
Black and white illustrations should be provided in TIFF and sized to
approximate column width (3 ¹/6"). For more detailed information on
submitting illustrations electronically, you can visit the Cadmus
Journal Services Website at http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/index.asp, send an
E-mail to digitalart@cadmus.com <mailto:digitalart@cadmus.com>, or call
the Digital Art Help Line at 1-800-257-5529, ext. 6985 or (410) 691-6985.

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*7. ABBREVIATIONS*

Abbreviations are in general a hindrance to readers in fields other than
that of the author(s), to abstractors, and to scientists whose primary
language is not English. Authors should limit their use to an absolute
minimum. Use only abbreviations for terms that are better known as an
abbreviation?such as DNA?or use widely accepted abbreviations. Single
words should not be abbreviated?for example, melanoma, folate,
vincristine. Abbreviations are not to be used in titles, but running
titles may carry abbreviations for brevity. All abbreviations must be
explained at first mention unless the term is better known as an
abbreviation (see *Standard Abbreviations*).

Authors should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on
Biochemical Nomenclature.

*Standard Abbreviations.* Authors may use, without definition,
abbreviations of units of measure when they are used with units
(1.5 cm). The following are examples of standard abbreviations that may
be used in the text, without explanation:

ABVD* 	Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine
ADP, dADP 	 
AMP, dAMP 	 
AATP, dATP 	 
bp 	base pair(s)
CDP, cCDP 	 
CMP, cCMP 	 
CNBr 	cyanogen bromide
cDNA 	complementary DNA
CoA 	coenzyme A
CTL 	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
CTP, dCTP 	 
cyclic ADP 	adenosine 3[prime],5[prime]-diphosphate
cyclic AMP 	adenosine 3[prime],5[prime]-monophosphate
DEAE 	diethylaminoethyl
DNA, cDNA 	 
EDTA 	ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EGTA 	ethyleneglycotetraacetic acid
EtOH 	etomidate
GDP, dGDP 	 
GMP, dGMP 	 
GTP, dGTP 	 
HEPES 	4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid or
  	/N/-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-/N/[prime]-2-ethanesulfonic acid
IDP, dIDP 	 
IMP, dIMP 	 
IR 	infrared
ITP, dITP 	 
MOPP 	mechlorethamine, oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone
NAD^+ 	NADH
NADP^+ 	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form)
NADPH 	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)
PBS 	phosphate-buffered saline
PIPES 	1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid
POPOP 	1,4-bis[Isqb]2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)[rsqb]benzene
PPO 	2,5 diphenyloxazole
Pi, Ppi 	orthophosphate, pyrophosphate
R_f 	retardation factor
RFLP 	restriction fragment length polymorphism
RIA 	radioimmunoassay
RKO cells 	 
RNA, aRNA, mRNA, nRNA, tRNA 	 
Rnase, DNase 	 
RPMI 	 
Roswell Park Memorial Institute 	 
rRNA 	spell out as "Ribosomal RNA" in title only
SD 	standard deviation
SDS 	sodium dodecyl sulfate
SDS-PAGE 	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
SEM 	standard error of the mean
SSC 	standard saline-citrate
SV40 	Simian Virus 40
TBS 	Tris-buffered saline
	 
TDP, dTDP 	 
TEAE 	triethylaminoethyl
TMP, dTMP 	 
TTP, dTTP 	 
Tris 	tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine
UDP, dUDP 	 
UMP, dump 	 
UTP, dUTP 	 
USP units 	 
USPHS 	United States Public Health Service
UTP 	uridine 5c-triphosphate
UV 	ultraviolet
w/v 	weight per volume
w/w 	weight for weight

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*8. TERMINOLOGY*

Use the approved terms and abbreviations for chemical substances
recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC). Comprehensive recommendations on nomenclature are available
online (www.iupac.org/dhtml_home.html
<http://www.iupac.org/dhtml_home.html>). Recommended nomenclature for
biomedical and physical sciences can be found in /Scientific Style and
Format/, Sixth Edition, Council of Biology Editors (now the Council of
Science Editors), 1994 (Available from: www.councilscienceeditors.org
<http://www.CouncilScienceEditors.org>).

Authors should use the Recommended Name given in /Enzyme Nomenclature
1992: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International
Union of Biochemistry on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes/
(Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 1992). In some cases the Systematic
Name or the reaction catalyzed should also be included. It is strongly
recommended that the Enzyme Commission number be stated at first
mention. Supplements to this work are available online
(www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme
<http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme>).

Designations for mouse strains should conform to the /Rules and
Guidelines for Genetic Nomenclature in Mice/, from the International
Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice (Mouse Genome;
1994:92: vii-xxxii) and available online
(www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen.shtml
<http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/old_strain.shtml>).

Generic names of drugs are preferred with the brand name included at
first mention only to identify new components that may not be recognized
by their generic name. If a non-U.S. proprietary name is used, the name
of the comparable U. S. product should be given. When there is no
generic name for a drug, authors should give the chemical name or
formula or a description of the active ingredients.

Authors should refer to the formally adopted generic names listed in the
current edition of USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names.

 

*9. SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT FILES*

To expedite publication, accepted manuscripts are copy edited
electronically. When submitting revised manuscripts, authors are
strongly encouraged to upload original source files into the AACR
SmartSubmit online submission system. Uploading original source files
will greatly facilitate publication of an accepted manuscript. The
following are acceptable file formats:

    *

      *Manuscript Files*: PDF (for original submissions only; not for
      revisions), Word, WordPerfect, Encapsulated Postscript (EPS),
      Text, Postscript, or Rich Text Format (RTF).

    *

      *Graphics Files:* TIFF, GIF,Postscript, or EPS.

 

*10. CORRECTING PROOFS*

Authors will receive page proofs electronically. Alterations in proof
are costly and, if extensive, can lead to publication delays. Authors
will be charged for excessive changes in proof not due to printer's
errors. The Editors retain the prerogative to question alterations that
do not follow the journal's style and alterations that might affect the
scientific content of the paper. Authors should check their proofs
carefully to ensure that all special characters converted properly from
the electronic files submitted.

/Page proofs should be returned to the AACR Publications Department
within 24 hours of receipt via an overnight delivery service. Proofs not
received by the deadline will be published without the authors'
corrections or publication will be delayed to a later issue./ Authors
who will not be available to read their proofs should appoint someone to
handle the proofreading in their absence.

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*11. PUBLICATION FEES AND REPRINTS*

Publication fees for /Cancer Research/ articles include a per-page
charge of $85 for the first 6 published pages and $115 for each
additional published page. Articles containing color figures are also
subject to a color reproduction charge of $750 per figure. Figures
converted to black and white at the proof stage will *not* have this fee
waived. Fees must be agreed to before the article is accepted and are
also itemized on the reprint order form that is sent to authors with
their proofs. If this form is not in your proof package, the AACR
Publications Department should be contacted immediately [phone:
(215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9354].

The reprint order form must be completed and returned two weeks before
publication, even if reprints are not desired, because payment
information for the publication fees is required. Failure to return the
form with this information will delay publication of your article.

Prepayment for publication fees and, if desired, for reprints, can be
made in the form of a check (in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank),
signed institutional purchase order, or credit card (VISA, Mastercard,
American Express) information supplied on the reprint order form, which
serves as a proforma invoice. Return the order form and payment made
payable to: American Association for Cancer Research, P.O. Box 631060,
Baltimore, MD 21263-1060.

Reprints are shipped approximately 4 weeks after publication of the
journal. Allow extra time for delivery.

After publication, the cost of reprints for articles that contain color
is much more expensive than before publication, and this cost will be
estimated on an individual basis. For such an estimate or if you have
any other inquiries regarding reprints, please contact Cadmus Journal
Services Reprint Department [phone: 1-800-407-9190 or (410) 819-3992;
fax: (410) 820-9765].

A footnote should be supplied indicating to which author reprint
requests should be addressed.

 

*12. COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSIONS*

Under U.S. copyright law (PL 94-553), which became effective January 1,
1978, copyright for works is vested in the author from the moment of
creation and remains the property of the author until legally
transferred. Authors who wish to publish articles and other material in
AACR journals must formally transfer copyright to AACR. The copyright
transfer form must be signed by all authors before AACR can proceed with
publication. Appropriate forms for transfer of copyright must be
received with manuscript submissions. Persons requesting a copyright
transfer should either use the form available online (click here for the
*CAN Copyright Transfer Form* PDF
<http://www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/Journals/CAN_Files/can_copyright_form.pdf>)
or request a form from the AACR Publications Department. The journal
will not publish a paper unless the form is properly filled out and
signed by all authors.

It is understood in conveying copyright that the authors have not
published this material elsewhere, either whole or in part (except in
abbreviated form as a preliminary communication), and that they have
neither concluded previous negotiations nor initiated pending
negotiations for copyright of this material.

The duly authorized agent of a commercial firm or commissioning
organization must sign our copyright transfer form if the author
prepared the article as part of his or her official duties as an employee.

The federal government has determined that it has a nonexclusive right
to publish or republish material developed from work performed under
federal grant-supported projects. Therefore, copyrights for such works
are subject to this restriction. Since the federal government does not
recognize private copyright for work performed by its employees as part
of their official duties, the journal will accept papers from government
laboratories without copyright transfer, provided that the authors abide
by the same provisions required of other authors and sign the
appropriate section of our copyright transfer form.

*Authors* of articles published in AACR journals are permitted to use
their article or parts of their article in the following ways *without*
requesting permission from the AACR:

   1.

      With appropriate attribution, authors may include parts of their
      article, including figures and tables, in books, reviews, or
      subsequent research articles they write.

   2.

      With appropriate attribution, authors may use parts of their
      article in slide presentations.

   3.

      With appropriate attribution, authors may post a link to the
      published version of their article on their institutional website.

   4.

      With appropriate attribution, an author may submit a copy of their
      article to his or her university in support of his or her doctoral
      thesis.

The AACR will routinely allow *third parties* to include select parts of
a copyrighted article in reviews, books, or subsequent papers, provided
that the requesting parties obtain written permission from the AACR
Publications Department. For each requested use of an article, the AACR
Permission Request Form should be completed and returned to the AACR
Publications Department [fax: (215) 440-9354; e-mail:
permissions@aacr.org <mailto:permissions@aacr.org>. Persons requesting
permission should use the form available online (click here for the
*Permission Form* Word document
<http://www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/Journals/permissionformrev.doc>).


Requests to reproduce an article in its entirety will be considered on
an individual basis and permission may be granted contingent upon
payment of an appropriate copyright fee. All reproduction requests must
include a brief description of intended use.

Our standard turnaround time for permission request replies is two
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*Important Notice Regarding the NIH Public Access Policy*

Authors of manuscripts reporting NIH-funded work that are accepted after
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/Cancer Research / [ISSN 0008-5472 CNREA 8] is published twice a month,
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