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*INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS**
/Plant Physiology 2008/*

/*Last updated January 2, 2008*/

*Beginning with the January 2007 issue of /Plant Physiology/,
corresponding authors who are members at the time of submission will get
their article made freely available online (i.e., Open Access) and their
first color figure free. The Journal's Open Access feature, /Real-Time
Plant Physiology/ <http://www.aspb.org/pressreleases/oaformembers.cfm>,
means that anyone with an Internet connection will have instant access
to the full-text, final article as soon as it is published (nonmembers
can purchase <http://www.aspb.org/publications/openaccess.cfm> this
option). To join ASPB now, click here.
<http://www.aspb.org/memberjoin/?js=ppinstructions>*

*New Requirement: All figure legends must be included below the figure
in each individual figure file.*

*New Requirement: Each supplemental item that is posted online must be
listed after the Materials and Methods section under the heading
"Supplemental Material" along with a brief descriptive title.*

*When using Word 2007 to create a manuscript for submission to /Plant
Physiology/, please save the file in .doc format, not .docx (the default
file format).*

*TABLE OF CONTENTS*
STATEMENT OF SCOPE <#STATEMENT OF SCOPE>
FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLES <#FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLES>
RESEARCH CATEGORIES <#RESEARCH CATEGORIES>
     Breakthrough Technologies <#Breakthrough Technologies>
     Genome Analysis <#Genome Analysis>
     Bioinformatics <#Bioinformatics>
     Editorials <#Editorials>
     Scientific Correspondence <#Scientific Correspondence>
     Updates <#Updates>
SUBMISSION <#SUBMISSION>
     Language Editing Services <#Language Editing Services>
ORGANIZATION <#ORGANIZATION>
TEXT REQUIREMENTS <#TEXT REQUIREMENTS>
     Style and format <#Style and format>
     Nomenclature <#Nomenclature>
     Abbreviations <#Abbreviations>
     Units of measure <#Units of measure>
     Numbers and fractions <#Numbers and fractions>
     Statistical treatment <#Statistical treatment>
     Ratios <#Ratios>
     Solutions <#Solutions>
     Gases <#Gases>
     Ions <#Ions>
     Isotopically labeled compounds <#Isotopically labeled compounds>
     Molecular Weight and mass <#Molecular weight and mass>
     Trade names and suppliers <#Trade names and suppliers>
     Materials and methods <#Materials and methods>
     Literature cited <#Literature cited>
TABLES <#TABLES>
     Numerals <#Numerals>
     Powers <#Powers>
FIGURE PREPARATION, DIGITAL ART, COVER SUBMISSIONS, and SUPPLEMENTAL
DATA <#FIGURE PREPARATION, DIGITAL ART, COVER SUBMISSIONS, and
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA>
     Figure preparation <#Figure preparation>
     Figure manipulation <#Figure manipulation>
     Digital art <#Digital art>
     Cover figure submissions <#Cover figure submissions>
     Expression profiling data, Large-scale data sets, and other
supplemental data <#Expression profiling data, large-scale data Sets,
and other supplemental data>
PROCESSING <#PROCESSING>
     Peer review <#Peer review>
     Proof <#Proof>
POLICIES <#POLICIES>
     Electronic posting of articles <#Electronic posting of articles>
     Authorship <#Authorship>
     Title and abstract <#Title and abstract>
     Ethics <#Ethics>
     Distribution of materials <#Distribution of materials>
     Gene nomenclature <#Gene nomenclature>
     Corrections to published articles <#Corrections to published articles>
     Fees and charges <#Fees and charges>


        STATEMENT OF SCOPE

/Plant Physiology/ is an international journal that publishes
full-length research papers containing new and significant information
bearing on broad aspects of plant biology. As reflected in the diverse
composition of the editorial board, /Plant Physiology/ is inclusive of,
but not restricted to, development, cell and molecular biology,
biochemistry, biophysics, bioenergetics, genetics, and physiology, as
well as an understanding of the plant as a whole organism and its
interactions with symbionts, pathogens and pests, and the environment.
Original, full-length, comprehensive, and timely papers that represent
advances in our understanding of how plants function in normal
environments and when subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses are
welcome. We also encourage the submission of manuscripts that use
system-based approaches and bridge plant sciences with other fields such
as bioinformatics, molecular evolution, functional genomics, genome
analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, structural biology, and
biotechnology. A manuscript submitted to /Plant Physiology/ must not be
under simultaneous consideration or have been published elsewhere (other
than as an abstract of a poster or oral presentation).

/Plant Physiology/ publishes full-length research articles as well as
Editorials, Scientific Correspondence, Updates, and articles on
Breakthrough Technologies, Genome Analysis, and Bioinformatics. The
submission methods for each section follow.


        FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLES

These articles should be accompanied by an abstract of not more than 250
words. In deciding whether articles are suitable for the Journal,
editors will be guided by the principles articulated below. The emphasis
will always be on the extent to which the article contributes to the
understanding of how plants develop and function. Articles that do not
meet the criteria set forth here may be declined by the editors without
outside ad hoc review. Articles must use 1.5 line spacing. Page charges
are $75 per page for the first 10 pages ($55 per page if the
corresponding author is a member of ASPB). The charge for each page over
10 will be doubled (page totals are rounded to the next whole page).
Click here
<http://submit.plantphysiol.org/journals/plantphysiol/forms/pagecalc.dtl?nomstr=true>
to estimate the number of printed pages your article will fill if it is
accepted for publication. Authors are encouraged to publish large tables
and figures as supplemental data as outlined in the section on "Large
Scale Data Sets."

Because the methodology of plant science has come to encompass
everything from biochemistry and chemistry to immunochemistry and
microscopy, from structural biology to molecular biology, from genetics
to live cell imaging, submissions are welcome regardless of experimental
approach. Accepted papers must either present novel findings and uncover
new biological meaning and/or significance of the process, or use novel
and useful approaches that will enable scientific progress. The Journal
will not publish papers that contain purely descriptive information,
that are merely confirmatory, or that are preliminary reports of
partially completed or incompletely documented research findings of
uncertain significance, or reports documenting well-known processes in a
species in which this process has not yet been documented. Papers that
report the purification of proteins, the cloning of genes, isolation of
new mutants, or microarray/Affymetrix data must address hypotheses about
functional aspects of plants. /Plant Physiology/ will accept profiling
data papers only when they test a scientific hypothesis and are
biologically significant. Papers should be concise and avoid unnecessary
redundancy, especially in the Discussion section. Statements of priority
or first finding are generally not permitted in /Plant Physiology./

Full-length research articles should be author designated to one of the
following research categories:


        RESEARCH CATEGORIES

Signal Transduction and Hormone Action ? Associate Editor Bonnie Bartel
Cell Biology ? Associate Editor Dirk Inzé
Development and Hormone Action ? Associate Editor Alan Jones
Environmental Stress and Adaptation ? Associate Editor Maarten Koornneef
System Biology, Molecular Biology, and Gene Regulation ? Associate
Editor Sheila McCormick
Genetics, Genomics, and Molecular Evolution ? Associate Editor Thomas
Mitchell-Olds
Biochemical Processes and Macromolecular Structures ? Associate Editor
John Ohlrogge
Plants Interacting with Other Organisms ? Associate Editor Kathryn A.
VandenBosch
Bioenergetics and Photosynthesis ? Associate Editor Susanne von Caemmerer
Whole Plant and Ecophysiology ? Associate Editor Susanne von Caemmerer
Breakthrough Technologies; Genome Analysis; Bioinformatics ? Associate
Editor Rob L. Last

*/Breakthrough Technologies/*. Because technological innovations
accelerate the rate of progress in our discipline, we encourage
submission of manuscripts reporting new technology breakthroughs. These
will be published when judged by the Associate Editor to represent
advances of exceptional significance and broad applicability and interest.

*/Genome Analysis/*. These articles should report biologically relevant
results from the analysis of large genomics-style data sets or new
methods for assessing the value of genomics data. These types of
analyses can help, among other things, to determine pathways not
previously known to exist in plants and provide insight into evolution
and genetic mechanisms. Authors should indicate in their cover letters
that a manuscript should be considered for this section.

*/Bioinformatics/*. Recent advances and innovations in biology are
exponentially accelerating the rate of data production. The increasing
wealth of data and information challenges researchers to expand beyond
their domain of expertise into areas of the unknown. To navigate,
interpret, and understand this sea of data, better ways for managing,
analyzing, and accessing information are needed. For the research
community to achieve this goal, we need to develop our interdisciplinary
forums for researchers from different backgrounds to share their ideas,
innovations, and expertise. /Plant Physiology/ solicits articles that
address ways of solving problems in information management that are/may
be applicable to plant biology. Papers in this category need to follow
the organization of papers published in /Plant Physiology/. When new
datasets, algorithms, or databases are described it is required that the
authors provide all information that reviewers would need to rigorously
assess the resources described in the manuscript. These might include a
method for anonymous access to any web-based resource or a demonstration
version of software being described. Submitted papers must be written in
such a way that any scientist could follow and reproduce the results.
Upon acceptance, these datasets, algorithms, or databases are required
to be publicly available as outlined in the section on "Expression
profiling data, large-scale data sets, and other supplemental data". If
you have any suggestions or questions, contact Sue Rhee
(rhee@acoma.stanford.edu <mailto:rhee@acoma.stanford.edu>) or Rob Last
(lastr@msu.edu <mailto:lastr@msu.edu>).

*/Editorials/*. Editorials are usually solicited by the Editor-in-Chief
to accompany a published article. However, uninvited Editorials and
Letters to the Editor on topics of interest or controversy will be
considered for publication. Authors should contact Don Ort
(d-ort@uiuc.edu <mailto:d-ort@uiuc.edu>) before submission.

*/Scientific Correspondence/*. These peer-reviewed, solicited-only,
short contributions provide scientists with a forum to discuss new
scientific ideas based on an analysis of the existing literature or on a
few experiments. Acceptance of papers depends on the extent to which
thinking is challenged into new directions. Contributions are strictly
limited to three journal pages including tables, figures, and
references. Articles should not include abstracts; however, the main
thrust of the contents has to be summarized in the first two sentences.
Persons wishing to write a Scientific Correspondence article may contact
Don Ort (d-ort@uiuc.edu <mailto:d-ort@uiuc.edu>) to ensure that the
proposed article fits the category.

*/Updates/*. Updates are solicited reviews of recent progress and meant
to be teaching tools. Although these are primarily associated with Focus
Issues, scientists wishing to contribute an Update to a regular issue
must first correspond with Don Ort (d-ort@uiuc.edu
<mailto:d-ort@uiuc.edu>). All uninvited Updates will be returned to the
author(s).


        SUBMISSION

Authors are to submit manuscripts online at
http://submit.plantphysiol.org. The BenchPress submission system will
prompt authors through the process. Help is also available from
http://submit.plantphysiol.org/submission/submissionhelp and from Ash
Csikos in the ASPB manuscript tracking office (301-251-0560, ext. 125,
lcsikos@aspb.org <mailto:lcsikos@aspb.org>). A valid, unique e-mail
address must be input for each author so that all authors can be
notified that the article has been submitted. Online submission will
ensure rapid handling of your paper. For peer review, word processing
files are preferred (please send .doc files, not .docx) and will be
converted to PDF format. Alternatively, authors may create and submit
their own PDF with 1.5 line spacing which will not be subjected to any
conversion (please note that if a PDF is submitted, references will not
be converted to html links for use in the peer review process). Although
there are no file size limitations, note that large files will take
longer to upload and convert to PDF depending on the Internet
connection. Please try to keep the maximum combined PDF file size to
under 5 MB. If you are not satisfied with the final conversion results
when the submission is proofed, the complete manuscript can be reloaded.
Note that Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts must be imbedded in a PDF
document file when submitted, otherwise the editorial office will not be
able to view the submitted manuscript.

*Language Editing Services*. Authors who believe their manuscripts would
benefit from professional editing are encouraged to use language-editing
services, such as the ones described at the following web sites, prior
to submission.

http://www.prof-editing.com
http://www.bostonbioedit.com
http://www.internationalscienceediting.com
http://www.asiascienceediting.com
http://www.biosciencewriters.com
http://www.biomeditor.com <>http://www.oleng.com.au</a> <br> <a href=>
http://davidherron.tripod.com/index-6.html
http://www.documentclinic.com
http://www.scientific-editor.com
http://www.bluepencilscience.com
http://www.journalexperts.com?rcode=plant1
http://www.writescienceright.com

*NOTE:* ASPB provides these links as a service to our author community.
The Society does not take responsibility for or endorse the services
these companies offer and cannot attest to the quality of their work.
*Use of such services in no way guarantees acceptance of a manuscript
for publication.* If you have questions, or if you do use one of these
services and would like to send ASPB feedback on your experience, please
contact Nancy Winchester, ASPB director of publications, at
nancyw@aspb.org <mailto:nancyw@aspb.org>.


        ORGANIZATION

Submit manuscript with elements arranged in the following order,
numbering all pages consecutively. All material should be 1.5-spaced.
Font: Times New Roman, Courier New, Arial. (Other fonts may cause
conversion problems).

1. Page 1: Running head not to exceed 60 characters and spaces; name,
address, telephone number, and e-mail address of author to whom all
correspondence should be sent (please note that the Journal will cite
only one corresponding author per article); and journal research area
most appropriate for the paper (categories are listed above).

2. Page 2: Title of article; all authors' full names (necessary for
accurate indexing and abstracting); institution address(es).

3. Page 3: Footnotes in the following order: financial source (if any)
and the experiment station or institution paper number; present
address(es) of authors if different from heading; corresponding author
with e-mail address.

4. Page 4: Abstract (include genus and species). Abstracts cannot exceed
250 words or the processing of the paper will be delayed.

5. Page 5 and subsequent pages: Text (the "introduction" should not
exceed 10,000 characters), Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and
Materials and Methods; Acknowledgments (do not use the space to supply
financial source).

6. Literature Cited. (Authors are responsible for accuracy in citations.
Citations will be copyedited for format only.)

7. Figure legends (must be included below the figure in each individual
figure file).

8. Tables with brief and concise titles and legends (one table per page).

9. Original figure files (with corresponding figure legends contained in
each file). See FIGURE PREPARATION, DIGITAL ART, COVER SUBMISSIONS, and
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA.

10. Supplemental data files. See Supplemental Data.


        TEXT REQUIREMENTS

*Style and format*. Manuscripts should be written in simple declarative
sentences and must conform to accepted standards of English style and
usage. Consult recent issues for style and placement of main headings,
subheadings, and paragraph headings and for other details of format.
Authors may wish to consult Scientific Style and Format, 6th Ed., 1994,
Council of Biology Editors, Bethesda, MD, for current scientific and
editorial conventions.

*Nomenclature*. In the abstract, at first mention in the text, and in
"Materials and Methods," include complete botanical names (genus,
species, and, when appropriate, cultivar) for all experimental plants.
Do NOT use the genus name alone, unless that is the accepted common
name. Identify algae and microorganisms by a collection number or that
of a comparable listing. Following first mentions, generic names should
be abbreviated to the initial, except when confusion could arise by
reference to genera with the same initial. Common names can be used
after first mention. When the genus name is the accepted common name,
the name should be in lowercase, roman type. Arabidopsis (no italics) is
an accepted common name for /A. thaliana/.

*Abbreviations*. Do not abbreviate words or measures in the title other
than those standard for international usage. Chemical symbols can be
used in the title, but spell out chemical elements. Units of measure can
be abbreviated in the abstract. Please click on the following link for a
list of abbreviations that can be used in the remainder of the text and
the running head: List of Abbreviations
<http://www.plantphysiol.org/misc/AbbreviationsDocument.pdf>. Introduce
all other abbreviations parenthetically following the term both in the
abstract (if used three times) and at first use of the term in the text.
Abbreviations must be used three times in the text (this includes table
and figure legends) or the term must be spelled out.

*Units of measure*. The metric system is standard, and SI units must be
used as much as possible. Use negative exponents to indicate units in
the denominator when three or more units are used (e.g., µmol m^-2 s^-1
rather than µmol/m^2 /s).

*Numbers and fractions*. Write out numerals one through nine, except
when used with units of measure. Write out all numbers or fractions that
begin a sentence, or rephrase the sentence to avoid beginning with a
numeral. Use the preposition "to" between numerals (do not use a dash):
e.g., "13 to 22 min" and "3°C to 10°C." Exceptions: in tables, figures,
graphs, legends, and within parentheses in the text, dashes are used.
Decimals are preferred over fractions; however, when simple fractions
are used, write them out as a hyphenated unit: "two-thirds."

*Statistical treatment*. When appropriate, include statistical
analysis.  Define all statistical measures and models clearly. Identify
the number of independent replications of experimental treatments and
the number of times individual experiments were duplicated.

*Ratios*. In describing mixtures, use "to" if a ratio is stated in
words: "the chloroform to methanol ratio"; use a colon if a numerical
ratio is provided: "chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v)"; use a hyphen if a
numerical value is not given: "used in chloroform-methanol."

*Solutions*. Describe solutions of common acids and bases in terms of
normality (N), e.g., 1 N NaOH, and those of salts in terms of molarity
(M). Express fractional concentrations by decimals: 0.1 N acetic acid
(not N/10 acetic acid). Define % as (w/w), (w/v), or (v/v); 10% (w/v)
signifies 10 g/100 mL. Express concentrations as micrograms per gram (µg
g^-1 ) or micrograms per milliliter (µg mL^-1 ) rather than as parts per
million (ppm).

*Gases*. To indicate volume of gases, use microliters per liter (µL L^-1
) or nanoliters per liter (nL L^-1 ) rather than ppm or ppb.

*Ions*. Represent ions as follows: Na^+ , Mn^3+ , Br^- , PO_4 ^3- .

*Isotopically labeled compounds*. For simple molecules, indicate the
labeling by writing the chemical formulae, for example: ^14 CO_2 , H_2
^18 O, ^2 H_2 O (or D_2 O), H_2 ^35 SO_4 . For other molecules, place
the isotopic symbol in square brackets attached to the name or the
formula without a hyphen or space: [^14 C]glucose, [^32 P]ATP, [^2 H]C_2
H_2 , sodium [^14 C]lactate. In the case of generic names, write the
isotope without brackets and follow with a hyphen: ^131 I-albumin, ^14
C-amino acids, ^14 C-photosynthate. Place letter and symbols indicating
configuration and the like before the square bracket: D-[^14 C]glucose,
L-[^14 C]alanine, alpha[^14 C]naphthaleneacetic acid.  Indicate the
positions of isotopic labeling by Arabic numerals, Greek letters, or
prefixes placed in the square bracket and before the symbol of the
element to which they are attached by hyphen: D-[3-^14 C]lactate,
L-[2-^14 C]leucine, L-[2,3-^14 C]malate, _[_gamma-^32 P]ATP. Use the
term U to indicate that the isotope is uniformly distributed among all
six carbons: [U-^14 C]glucose.

*Molecular weight and mass*. Two equivalent expressions should be
distinguished: "molecular weight" (/M/_r ) is the ratio of the mass of a
molecule to 1/12 of the mass of carbon 12 and is, therefore,
dimensionless. "Molecular mass" (the mass of one molecule of a
substance) is not a ratio and can be expressed in daltons (D). Say "the
molecular mass of X is 20,000 daltons" (20 kD) or "the molecular weight
(/M/_r ) is 20,000," but do not express /M/_r in daltons. Expressions
such as "the 20-kD peptide" and "the mass of a band on a gel is 240 kD"
are acceptable for an entity that is not a definable molecule.

*Trade names and suppliers*. Whenever possible, use the generic name of
equipment, chemicals, or other things used in research, followed by the
trade name (capitalized) in parentheses with the name and location of
the manufacturer. Avoid the use of trade names and code numbers of
experimental chemical compounds used in research; rather, identify such
compounds by common name (American Standards Association) if such a name
exists, or by chemical name and structural formula.

*Materials and methods*. This section should reference all standard
procedures but must be complete enough so that results can be verified
by other laboratories.

For reports of experiments in which growth rooms were used to simulate
the natural environment, growth room conditions must be described
according to the guidelines in Scientific Style and Format, Council of
Biology Editors, 1994, 6th Ed., pp.434?436. The following information
must be provided:

    * For plants grown under controlled or semi-controlled growth
      chamber conditions, the primary parameters needed are the timing
      and levels of illumination (e.g., 16/8 hr photoperiod at 200 µmol
      m^-2 s^-1 ) and the temperature(s) at which the plants were grown.
    * For plants grown in greenhouses, the major items needed are (1)
      the time of year that the plants were grown, (2) whether any
      supplemental lighting was provided and, if so, its nature, and (3)
      details of any temperature control.
    * For both chamber and greenhouse conditions, the application of any
      fertilization regime, if present, should also be given.

Accession numbers should be provided at the end of the Material and
Methods for any data or materials available in a public repository.
Novel DNA sequences must be deposited in GenBank
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and accession numbers provided. If a
number has not yet been assigned at the time of submission, use x's as
place holders to be updated later. In the case of data sets too large
for inclusion in the manuscript (such as EST sequences, gene or genome
annotations, genetic maps, microarray data, metabolic profiles, etc.),
complete data sets must be uploaded as electronic supplementary
material, to be peer reviewed and posted with the online article. See
also sections on Large-Scale Data Sets and Other Supplemental Data,
Distribution of Materials, and Gene Expression Profiling Data.

*Literature cited*. Cite all references in text by last names and year
of publication. Grouped text citations should be arranged from the
earliest to most recent year, alphabetized by name within the same year.
For entries in "Literature Cited," alphabetize by first author's last
name and follow the styles below exactly for capitalization,
punctuation, and order of elements.* The accuracy in the "Literature
Cited" section is the responsibility of the authors. The Journal will
only proofread references for format. Any mistakes in reference formats
may affect the conversion of html references.*

    *Journal articles*: *Author AB,* *Author BB* (1977) Title of
    article. Plant Physiol *59*: 45?59

    *Book articles*: *Author AB,* *Author BB,* *Author CC* (1974) Title
    of article. In A Smith, B Jones, eds, Title of Book, Ed 2 Vol 3.
    Publisher, City, pp 14?19

    *Theses*: *Author BC* (1974) Title of thesis. PhD thesis.
    University, City

    *Online*: *Author A* (year of publication) Title. Source Title,
    http://www.utopia.com/talent/lpb/muddex/essay

    *Patent*: *Author B,* *Author BC,* inventors. January 1, 1997.
    Endogenous nonstarch polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes. European
    Patent Application No. XXX

    *No Authors or Editors*: Title of Booklet, Pamphlet, etc. (1975)
    Publisher (or Company), City

If you are citing an article that only exists as an early online
version, including the PubMed ID (PMID) number will allow reviewers to
link directly to the article. At the bottom of the PubMed record for the
article, you will find the PMID number which you should include in the
reference as follows:

    *Author AB,* *Author BB* (2006) Title of article. PMID: 16723506

Write out in full all one-word journal titles. Use the BIOSIS List of
Serials for abbreviations of multiple-word journal titles; write out in
full the names of journals not listed there. Unpublished data (submitted
articles and articles in preparation) and personal communications are
not acceptable as literature citations, so they must be referred to
parenthetically in the text. Please include initials and last names of
all authors. Articles that are "in press" may be so designated in
"Literature Cited." Note: An article may be referred to as "in press"
only if it has been accepted for publication; cite the journal in which
the article will appear. For personal communications, it is the
corresponding author's responsibility to ensure that those cited are
aware of the citation and have approved the content of the personal
communication.


        TABLES

1. Number tables consecutively with Roman numerals.

2. First mention of tables in the text must be in sequential order.

3. Provide each table with a short, concise title followed by a legend
that will make the general meaning of the table comprehensible without
reference to the text.

4. Provide a descriptive heading for each column.

5. Do not separate data within the body of the table with new column
headings or data. Do not arrange tables in sections labeled as, e.g., A
or B. Instead, create another table to express data unconnected to or
separate from that already presented. Authors will be contacted and
asked to supply a new table if submitted in this form.

6. Use superscript lowercase letters to indicate footnotes. *Asterisks
or other symbols should not be used in place of the letters and will be
changed accordingly.*

7. For all submitted tables, please use Word's "create table" feature,
with no tabbed text or tables created with spaces and drawn lines.

*Numerals*. Check both tabular data and numerical values reported in the
text for the proper number of significant figures. For decimals smaller
than one, insert a zero before the decimal point: 0.349.

*Powers*. To avoid numbers with many digits, express such numbers as
powers of 10. The unit may be changed by the use of prefixes such as "m"
or "µ." For example: enter "5" to express a g value of 0.005 under the
heading g × 10^-3 or a g value of 5,000 under the heading g × 103;
conversely, express a concentration of 0.0015 M as 1.5 under the heading
"concn (mM)."


        FIGURE PREPARATION, DIGITAL ART, COVER SUBMISSIONS, and
        SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

*Figure preparation*. Number figures consecutively according to the
order in which they are called out in the text. Manuscripts submitted
with substandard figures will be delayed. Format your figures according
to our "Help With Digital Art" document. To assist the editors and
reviewers, please also include the figure number in the figure image
itself. Each figure should have its corresponding legend contained
within the figure file below the figure. Figures should be unambiguous
and as conceptual as possible and provide enough information so that the
reader can understand them without significant input from the text. For
those figures that contain more than one panel, designate the panels
with capital letters (no parentheses and no periods following letters)
in the upper left-hand corner. Whenever possible, position panels
vertically for one-column reproduction in the journal. For the best
possible reproduction of gel blots, submit combination figures in which
the labels and photographs or autoradiographs are composite images.
Format the width of sequence data in the paper to one column.

*Figure manipulation*. Plant Physiology does not allow certain
electronic enhancements or manipulations of micrographs, gels, or other
digital images using Photoshop or any other software. If multiple images
are collected into a single figure, be sure to separate them clearly
with lines. If a digital tool is used to adjust contrast, brightness, or
color, it must be applied uniformly to an entire image; targeted
alteration of only part of an image is prohibited. Plant Physiology
reserves the right to ask authors to provide supporting data on which
figures were based. Please refer to J Cell Biol (2002) 158: 1151
(http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/158/7/1151) for guidance on
acceptable and unacceptable digital image manipulation.

Free online color is now available for all accepted papers. This new
feature allows authors to have figures presented in color online and in
black and white in print. The use of online-only color will be subject
to editorial review to ensure that color is not critical for data
interpretation but aids in presentation. The online submission system
will prompt you to select whether each figure is intended to be printed
in color online only or in both print and online. If a figure is going
to be printed in color online only, please upload only one file in RGB
color mode for that figure.

NOTE ON PREPARING FIGURES FOR VISION DEFICIENT READERS: Many readers of
the journal (1 in 12 males, on average) have some form of color
deficient vision. In preparing your figures, please observe the
following guidelines, to ensure that all the readers will be able to
comprehend your data.

1: In fluorescent double-staining micrographs and DNA chips, do not use
the combination of red and green; use magenta and green instead.

2: For micrographs with triple or more channels, additionally show
either grayscale image of each channel, or the combination of the most
important two channels in magenta and green.

3: For graphs and line drawings, label elements on the graph itself
rather than making a separate color-coded key. Do not try to convey
information in color only, but use BOTH color and shape (solid and
dotted lines, different symbols, various hatchings, etc.).

4. For more information, see the following web site:
http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

*Digital art*. * /Authors must submit correctly formatted digital art
files./*/ / Please visit the following URL for a complete guide on
formatting figure files.
http://submit.plantphysiol.org/journals/plantphysiol/forms/digital_art.pdf

Figure labels must match text for capitalization, italics, and use of
symbols. If labels contain typographic errors or inconsistencies, the
author will be asked to upload a corrected figure(s). Each figure file
must contain its corresponding legend, included below the figure as part
of each individual figure file. If you have any questions regarding the
preparation of quality digital art files, please contact Ash Csikos at
the /Plant Physiology/ editorial office (301-251-0560, ext. 125;
lcsikos@aspb.org <mailto:lcsikos@aspb.org>).

*Cover figure submissions*. Each cover of /Plant Physiology/ will have
an illustration selected from one of the articles published in that
issue. Authors who would like to have a color photograph considered
should submit an image online via BenchPress when submitting a
manuscript, or email submissions to the manuscript tracking office at
lcsikos@aspb.org <mailto:lcsikos@aspb.org>. The image will then be
forwarded by the manuscript office to the Editor-in-Chief for
consideration. If your photograph is selected, you will be contacted by
the Production Manager, who will provide additional instructions.

*Expression profiling data, large-scale data sets, and other
supplemental data*. Expression profiling data, large-scale data sets,
and other supplemental data (those too large to be submitted comfortably
for print publication, and videos) must be submitted for inclusion in
the online version of /Plant Physiology/ via BenchPress at the time of
submission. Supplemental materials presented at /Plant Physiology/
Online are subject to the same copyright restrictions as published
manuscripts and cannot be presented elsewhere without proper citation.
PLEASE NOTE: All supplemental data will be peer reviewed via the
BenchPress system. Supplemental materials must be briefly described in
the manuscript (in the Results or Materials and Methods section, as
appropriate) with direct reference to each item, such as Figure S1,
Table S1, Protocol S1 and Video S1 (numbering should always start at 1,
since these elements will be numbered independently from those that will
appear in the printed version of the article). Each supplemental item
that is posted online should be listed after the Materials and Methods
section under the heading "Supplemental Material" along with a brief
descriptive title. Protocols for experiments presented as supplemental
material must be described in the print article, at least in general
terms; a more detailed methods description may be provided as a
Supplemental Protocol. Text of supplemental materials such as in
legends, footnotes, and protocols must follow Journal style. Preferred
file formats for uploading are Microsoft Excel (.xls) for large-scale
data sets, PDF for figures, QuickTime format (.mov) for videos (please
keep video files to 6 MB or less to allow for easy downloading), and
Microsoft Word for protocols and legends. In general, large-scale data
sets must be complete (e.g., must include the complete set of genome
sequences analyzed, ESTs identified, genes queried in transcript
profiling, peptides identified, molecules identified, etc.) and data
supporting transcript profiling experiments must include complete
sequence information (e.g., accession numbers, relevant annotation data,
and in the case of Arabidopsis, TAIR locus identifiers
http://www.arabidopsis.org <http://www.arabidopsis.org>). At the time of
publication, supplemental data must be placed in a permanent public
repository if one is available, or if none is available, in /Plant
Physiology/ Online. Examples of accepted public gene expression
repositories are GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) and ArrayExpress
(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress). Links to web sites other than a
permanent public repository are not an acceptable alternative because
they are not permanent archives.

As a condition of publication in /Plant Physiology/, submitters of
manuscripts that contain gene expression profiling data are required to
describe the experiments according to MIAME guidelines (Brazma et al.
2001 Nature Genetics 29: 365?371; (http://www.mged.org). Papers based on
unreplicated gene expression profiling experiments will not be accepted
for publication in /Plant Physiology/. As with all experiments, gene
expression profiling experiments should include replicates of the
biological samples being assayed and utilize statistically based methods
of data analysis. Supporting experiments, such as real-time PCR for
selected genes, are not an adequate substitute for replication within a
gene expression profiling experiment. Authors are encouraged to consult
a statistician regarding both experimental design and methods of data
analysis for their gene expression profiling experiments.


        PROCESSING

*Peer Review*

    * A new manuscript submission is forwarded to the appropriate
      Associate Editor who then assigns it to a Monitoring Editor. The
      Monitoring Editor usually assigns two reviewers for each
      manuscript. Each reviewer and Monitoring Editor evaluates the
      manuscript in terms of the importance of research questions, the
      rigor of the experimental evidence and protocols, and the validity
      and significance of the conclusion. Authors are encouraged to
      suggest appropriate reviewers in their field, ensuring that none
      have a conflict of interest with any author. For more information
      on conflicts of interest, please see the following web site:
      http://www.aspb.org/publications/coi.cfm
      <http://www.aspb.org/publications/coi.cfm>
    * A decision letter will be emailed to the corresponding author once
      the Monitoring Editor has made his or her decision. The critiques
      provided by the reviewers can be viewed online by the
      corresponding author at http://submit.plantphysiol.org in his or
      her Author Area in the Manuscripts with Decisions queue.
    * If the manuscript is accepted without revision, the editorial
      office will contact the corresponding author if additional
      files/documents are needed.
    * If the manuscript is accepted pending revisions, the corresponding
      author will upload the revised manuscript files using the
      BenchPress system. A revised manuscript must be received
      preferably within 30 days, and no later than 60 days after the
      decision letter is sent. The manuscript will be assigned to the
      same editor unless authors specifically request otherwise or the
      original editor is unavailable for an extended period of time. If
      the corresponding author fails to upload a revision in less than
      60 days, the manuscript will be handled like a resubmission.
    * /Plant Physiology/ permits only two rounds of revisions, with the
      second round reserved only for minor corrections. This means that
      Monitoring Editors must make the final decision whether to accept
      or reject a resubmitted manuscript on the basis of the authors
      providing as complete an answer as possible to the referees'
      criticisms during the first round of revisions. A second round of
      revisions will be allowed only to correct minor issues. If the
      manuscript is rejected after it has been revised it should not be
      resubmitted to /Plant Physiology/.
    * If the manuscript is declined with encouragement from the
      Monitoring Editor to resubmit, the resubmission must be submitted
      online and will be handled like a new manuscript. A resubmission
      must be noted as such with its previous tracking number.
    * A manuscript that contains excellent science but otherwise
      requires extensive revision will, as a matter of policy, be declined.
    * If at any time during the review process the corresponding author
      has a question regarding the status a manuscript or the nature of
      the peer review process, he or she should contact the Manuscript
      Manager at lcsikos@aspb.org. 

*Proof*. The printer will notify the corresponding author via e-mail to
electronically retrieve page proofs. The corresponding author will have
access to one PDF file, which will contain: (a) 8 ˝ x 11-inch PDF pages
(includes figures and tables) and (b) a reprint order form. The
corresponding author will return to the printer by mail (a) original
figures if applicable, (b) proofread and corrected original proof, and
(c) the completed reprint order form. The author can expect to be
notified and receive proofs via e-mail within 4 to 6 weeks of the
accepted date.


        POLICIES

*Electronic posting of articles*. /Plant Physiology/ will review
manuscripts that include data that are posted on an author's web site.
If the data are posted in the form of a preprint, it should be clearly
stated beneath the title of the web preprint that is under review (or
accepted for publication) by /Plant Physiology/. Authors may post only
the version of their manuscript that is under consideration by the
/Plant Physiology/ editorial board. Final published manuscripts will
reside on the journal sites. Once the published article has appeared
online at the journal site, a toll-free link providing barrier-free
access to the HTML and PDF versions of the article will be e-mailed to
all authors. Authors should replace their manuscript posting with the
toll-free link to their article. These links also may be deposited in
institutional repositories.

*Authorship*. Authorship credit should be based only on substantial
contributions to (a) conception and design, or analysis and
interpretation of data; to (b) drafting the article or revising it
critically for important intellectual content; and on (c) final approval
of the version to be published. Conditions a, b, and c must all be met.
Any part of an article critical to its main conclusions must be the
responsibility of at least one author. Each author should have
participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for
the content. (This statement is taken from the authorship policy adopted
by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and published
in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical
Journals, 1994.) *Any material submitted to /Plant Physiology/ must be
original and not published or submitted for publication elsewhere. All
referenced work previously published, including the authors' own work,
must be properly cited.*

*Title and abstract*. The title and abstract should be factual and not
state or otherwise imply conclusions not rigorously supported by the
evidence presented in the paper.

*Ethics*. Please click on the following link for information regarding
ASPB policies and procedures for handling allegations of author
misconduct: http://www.aspb.org/publications/ethics.cfm
<http://www.aspb.org/publications/ethics.cfm>

*Distribution of materials*. /Plant Physiology/ requires that all
materials described in a manuscript be made freely available to academic
investigators for non-commercial research purposes. Upon request, all
novel materials described in the publication must be made available in a
timely manner for non-commercial research purposes, subject to the
requisite permission from any third-party owners of all or parts of the
material. Obtaining permission from third parties is the responsibility
of the requestor. No restrictions or conditions will be placed on the
use of any materials described in a paper published in /Plant
Physiology/ that would limit their use for non-commercial research
purposes. The provision of novel enzymes, antibodies, and material
products described in the manuscript can be reasonably limited in case
that substantial effort is required for isolation. All manuscripts
submitted to /Plant Physiology/ will be reviewed to ensure conformance
with this policy and must include the following statement as an
unnumbered footnote: "The author(s) responsible for distribution of
materials integral to the findings presented in this article in
accordance with the Journal policy described in the Instructions for
Authors ( http://www.plantphysiol.org <http://www.plantphysiol.org>) is
(are): J.D. Author (author@college.edu)." Contact Information for the
author(s) responsible for distribution of materials must be provided.

To facilitate sharing of materials, authors may choose to use one of the
following services.

Addgene (http://www.addgene.org)

Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center
(http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/pcmb/Facilities/abrc/abrchome.htm)

Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center (http://maizecoop.cropsci.uiuc.edu)

*NOTE:* ASPB provides these links as a service to our author community.
The Society does not take responsibility for or endorse the services
these companies offer and cannot attest to the quality of their work. If
you have questions, or if you do use one of these services and would
like to send ASPB feedback on your experience, please contact Nancy
Winchester, ASPB Director of Publications, at nancyw@aspb.org
<mailto:nancyw@aspb.org>.

Novel DNA sequences must be deposited in GenBank and accession numbers
provided in the manuscript. In the case of data sets too large for
inclusion in the manuscript (such as EST sequences, gene or genome
annotations, genetic maps, microarray data, metabolic profiles, etc.),
complete data sets must be uploaded as electronic supplementary
material, to be peer reviewed and posted with the article online. Refer
to the section "Expression Profiling Data, Large-Scale Data Sets and
Other Supplemental Data" for detailed information.

*Gene nomenclature*. The editorial board of /Plant Physiology/
recognizes gene nomenclature as an important issue and fully supports
adherence to convention for naming genes. It is the responsibility of
each scientist in the community to see that conventions are maintained.
/Plant Physiology/ requires authors who are introducing new gene or
protein nomenclature to submit a statement that outlines possible
conflicts or confusions regarding their nomenclature and confirms that
they have consulted the literature and other resources before naming
their gene(s). The two-letter prefix indicating species (e.g., At, Zm,
Os) is not part of the gene symbol and is used to prevent possible
confusion between species.

For Arabidopsis mutant genes, authors must follow the guidelines for
naming genes outlined by Meinke and Koornneef ([1997] Community standars
for Arabidopsis genetics. Plant J 12: 247?253), and register new mutant
gene symbols at
http://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/nomenclature/index.jsp. This URL also
provides other useful information and links on plant gene and protein
classification.

Authors should be aware that nomenclature conventions differ among
species and nomenclature from one species should not be used for another
species because the symbol may have already been used for another
purpose in the second species. Some helpful resources follow, including
nomenclature guidelines for the taxa of several research communities.

http://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/nomenclature/guidelines.jsp
<http://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/nomenclature/guidelines.jsp>
(/Arabidopsis/)
http://www.maizegdb.org/maize_nomenclature.php (Maize)
http://www.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn3/v3C.html (Rice)
Nomenclature rules are being revised by the rice community at this time.
When a new link is available, it will appear here.
http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/wgc/98/ (Wheat)
http://tgrc.ucdavis.edu (Tomato)
http://www.chlamy.org/nomenclature.html (/Chlamydomonas/)
VandenBosch, A., and Frugoli, J. 2001. Guidelines for genetic
nomenclature and community governance for the model legume /Medicago
trunculata/. MPMI *14,* 1364-1367.
http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/ (protein nomenclature)
http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/lists?nomlist.txt (list of
nomenclature-related references for proteins)

*Corrections to published articles*. If necessary, corrections of
significant errors in published articles will be published in a later
issue of the Journal. Authors are requested to bring any errors to the
attention of the Production Manager as soon as possible.

*Fees and charges*. Color figures are charged at a rate of $350 per
figure. Authors may now choose to have free online color for their
figures if color is not critical for data interpretation but aids in
presentation. The print version of the figures will be in black and
white. This option can be selected when figures are uploaded during
online submission. The use of online-only color will be subject to
editorial review to ensure that color is not critical for data
interpretation but aids in presentation. Authors are assessed a per page
charge of $75 for the first 10 pages. The charge for each page over 10
will be doubled (page totals are rounded to the next whole page). Click
here
<http://submit.plantphysiol.org/journals/plantphysiol/forms/pagecalc.dtl?nomstr=true>
to estimate the number of printed pages your article will fill if it is
accepted for publication.

If the corresponding author is a member of ASPB at the time of
submission, page charges are reduced to $55 per page (still doubled for
each page over 10) and there will be no charge for the first color
figure in the paper. Also, if accepted, the article will be made freely
available online (i.e., Open Access). This Open Access feature,
/Real-Time Plant Physiology/, means that anyone with an internet
connection will have instant access to the full-text, final article as
soon as it is published. To join ASPB now, click here.
<http://www.aspb.org/memberjoin/?js=ppinstructions> Nonmember
corresponding authors still have the option to purchase the Open Access
feature for $1000 or a discounted rate of $500 if the author's
institution subscribes to /Plant Physiology/. For more information,
click here. <http://www.aspb.org/publications/openaccess.cfm>

Publication of an article in /Plant Physiology/ is not contingent upon
the author's ability to pay the charges. For solicited Updates, page
fees are waived. Under exceptional circumstances that are explained in
writing to the Managing Editor, authors may request waiver of the color
reproduction charges. Authors will need to justify that the color figure
is essential for interpreting the results presented in the manuscript.

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